Economy May 19, 2026 12:34 AM

Markets Hold on Edge as Inflation Risks from Middle East Conflict Loom

Investors react to de-escalation signals from Washington while bond yields and oil prices keep pressure on global finances

By Avery Klein

Global markets remained cautious as U.S. President Donald Trump said he had paused a planned strike on Iran and indicated a 'very good chance' of a deal to curb Tehran's nuclear programme. Oil eased but stayed near $110 a barrel, more than 50% above pre-war levels. Equities were subdued across Asia and the U.S., while bond yields in the G7 approached 4%, raising concerns about borrowing costs for governments, businesses and households.

Markets Hold on Edge as Inflation Risks from Middle East Conflict Loom

Key Points

  • U.S. President said he paused a planned attack on Iran and suggested a 'very good chance' of a deal on Tehran's nuclear programme, which eased some market fears.
  • Oil traded around $110 a barrel, remaining over 50% above pre-war levels, sustaining inflationary concerns.
  • Sovereign bond yields have risen sharply - the average G7 10-year rate is approaching 4%, up from about 3.2% before the war began in late February, pressuring government, corporate and household finances.

Risk appetite stayed muted on Tuesday after U.S. President Donald Trump said he had stood down a planned attack on Iran and suggested there was a 'very good chance' of reaching an agreement to limit Tehran's nuclear ambitions. The comments weighed on oil, which slipped but remained around $110 a barrel - a level that is still more than 50% higher than the market saw before the Middle East war began.

Equity markets showed a cautious tone. Asian indexes declined and U.S. futures gave back earlier gains, while European futures were only marginally firmer. South Korea's benchmark Kospi dropped more than 4% in what analysts flagged as profit-taking. Attention now shifts to Nvidia's earnings due on Wednesday, where expectations for the world's most valuable company are extremely high. On the domestic data calendar, UK jobs figures for March are due later on Tuesday and could further influence sentiment.

With the Iran conflict approaching its third month, investors are increasingly worried that the disruption could translate into a persistent inflation shock. That concern has contributed to a sharp rise in sovereign bond yields, putting upward pressure on borrowing costs across the public and private sectors and threatening a severe hit to spending power for governments, companies and households.

G7 finance ministers, meeting in Paris on Monday, acknowledged growing worries about public debt and bond-market volatility. The ministers said they were looking for common approaches to address global economic strains and to coordinate supplies of critical raw materials.

The recent bond selloff eased in Asian trading on Tuesday, with U.S. Treasury yields and Japanese government bond yields slipping back somewhat, though both remain close to important highs. On average, the 10-year borrowing cost for G7 governments is nearing 4%, up from roughly 3.2% before the conflict began in late February.

Regional data were mixed. Japan's economy expanded faster than anticipated in the first quarter, driven by solid exports and household consumption, according to Tuesday's figures. Nonetheless, the nation's economic momentum faces pressure as the energy shock from the Middle East conflict works through corporate and consumer finances. The yen was trading near 159 per dollar, a level that keeps market participants watchful for possible intervention from Japanese authorities.

In Australia, the minutes from the central bank's May meeting showed policymakers viewed current interest rates as restrictive after three hikes so far this year. That assessment gives the Reserve Bank room to monitor developments around the Middle East, even as officials expect inflation to trend higher and economic growth to slow.


Near-term market movers:

  • UK employment data for March.
  • Nvidia quarterly results due Wednesday.

Investors are balancing tentative signs of easing geopolitical tension against the risk that the conflict will continue to fuel inflation and higher borrowing costs, keeping markets on edge.

Risks

  • A prolonged Iran conflict could create a lasting inflationary shock, affecting sectors sensitive to energy costs such as transportation and manufacturing.
  • Rising sovereign yields and bond-market volatility threaten higher borrowing costs for governments and companies, weighing on fiscal and corporate spending.
  • Currency stress in Japan - the yen near 159 per dollar - raises the prospect of policy intervention, which could unsettle FX and equity markets in the region.

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