Commodities April 30, 2026 03:30 AM

Saudi Arabia's Q1 GDP Growth Slows to 2.8% as Regional Conflict Hits Energy Activity

Preliminary government data show a quarter-on-quarter contraction led by oil sector weakness amid disruptions linked to attacks following U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran

By Nina Shah
Saudi Arabia's Q1 GDP Growth Slows to 2.8% as Regional Conflict Hits Energy Activity

Saudi Arabia's real gross domestic product expanded 2.8% year-on-year in the first quarter, according to preliminary government figures, down from 3.7% a year earlier. The slowdown reflects the economic effects of regional hostilities tied to the U.S.-Israeli campaign against Iran and subsequent Iranian strikes that have damaged energy infrastructure and disrupted key shipping routes. Non-oil output rose modestly while oil-sector activity fell on the quarter, prompting the IMF to trim its 2026 forecast for the kingdom.

Key Points

  • Saudi Arabia's real GDP rose 2.8% year-on-year in Q1, down from 3.7% a year earlier; non-oil and oil activities grew 2.8% and 2.3% respectively year-on-year.
  • On a quarterly basis, the economy contracted 1.5% in Q1 versus Q4, driven by a 7.2% drop in oil activity while non-oil output was nearly unchanged.
  • The slowdown is tied to regional hostilities - including strikes that damaged energy facilities and disrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, which handles about 20% of global oil and LNG flows - and the IMF has cut its 2026 growth forecast for Saudi Arabia to 3.1%.

ABU DHABI, April 30 - Saudi Arabia's economy recorded 2.8% year-on-year growth in real GDP during the first quarter, preliminary figures released by the General Authority of Statistics show. That pace marks a slowdown from the 3.7% expansion recorded in the same period a year earlier.

The data indicate that non-oil activities expanded 2.8% in the quarter, while oil activities increased 2.3% compared with the prior-year period. By contrast, non-oil activity growth in the corresponding quarter last year stood at 5.5%.

On a sequential basis, the economy contracted 1.5% in the three months to March 31 compared with the fourth quarter. The quarterly decline was largely driven by oil-sector weakness: oil activity fell 7.2% from the previous quarter, while non-oil activity was nearly flat over the same period.

The slowdown in growth is linked in the government statement to the broader economic fallout from clashes tied to the U.S.-Israeli strikes on Iran that began in late February and Tehran's subsequent retaliatory attacks on Gulf states. Those strikes have damaged major energy facilities and interrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz - a waterway that normally carries about 20% of global oil and liquefied natural gas flows - contributing to disruption across the region.

Analysts expect the conflict to weigh heavily on Gulf growth this year, with several regional economies projected to contract before recovering in 2027. The International Monetary Fund has said Saudi Arabia should be less severely affected than some neighbours because the kingdom can redirect some exports via alternative routes and its non-oil industrial output is relatively more resilient.

In light of recent developments, the IMF has lowered its growth projection for Saudi Arabia in 2026 to 3.1%, a revision that is 1.4 percentage points below the Fund's January projection. A Reuters analyst poll, cited alongside official commentary, forecasts 2026 GDP growth at 2.6%.

Prior to the regional hostilities, Saudi authorities had been increasing oil production in the second half of last year after easing voluntary output curbs that had been in place for several years to support the oil market. The new statistical release reflects how the disruption to energy infrastructure and shipping has begun to translate into measurable near-term weakness in oil activity and the aggregate economy.


Contextual note: The preliminary government figures outline the immediate impact on headline and sectoral growth rates but do not provide further detail on the composition of non-oil activity or the specific channels by which export redirections have mitigated the shock.

Risks

  • Continued attacks on energy infrastructure or prolonged shipping disruptions could further depress oil-sector activity and weigh on export revenues, impacting energy-related corporates and government fiscal receipts.
  • A sharper slowdown across Gulf economies may transmit to financials and trade-dependent sectors through reduced regional demand and trade flows, increasing credit and market risk for banks and exporters.
  • Uncertainty about the duration and severity of the conflict limits the visibility on recovery timelines for affected sectors and could complicate planning for capital expenditures and funding in energy and industrial firms.

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