Economy June 19, 2026 07:33 PM

Italy's Economic Resilience: Sustained by Fiscal Support and Construction Boom

Fixed investment and EU recovery funds drive GDP growth, but sustainability remains in question as support fades by 2028.

By Derek Hwang
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Italy's economy has demonstrated robust performance over the current decade, outpacing several major Eurozone peers in real GDP growth. This momentum has been primarily fueled by a surge in fixed investment, particularly within the construction sector, bolstered by substantial fiscal stimulus and European Union recovery funds. Despite the phased out of the Superbonus housing program, construction activity remains steady due to the ongoing disbursement of Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) allocations. However, economic projections indicate a slowdown as these fiscal supports diminish, with growth forecasts declining to 0.5% by 2028. The analysis underscores the delicate balance Italy maintains between leveraging immediate fiscal injections and nurturing longer-term economic stability.

Italy's Economic Resilience: Sustained by Fiscal Support and Construction Boom
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Key Points

  • Italy's real GDP growth has exceeded Eurozone, Germany, and France levels since 2019, driven largely by fixed investment and a construction boom fueled by the Superbonus program and EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) funds.
  • The construction sector is a major contributor to economic expansion, with value added rising sharply and accounting for about one-third of the gross value added increase since 2019.
  • Economic projections show a slowdown in growth to 0.5% in 2028 as RRF support fades, though estimates of Italy's potential growth rate have improved from pre-pandemic levels.
  • Political stability has increased, with the current government potentially becoming the longest-serving in post-war Italy, with elections due by December 2027.

Italy's macroeconomic trajectory over the past several years has defied regional trends, delivering a growth performance that has outstripped key Eurozone counterparts including Germany and France. According to a recent analysis published by UBS, this expansion has been predominantly anchored in robust investment spending, a trend significantly amplified by targeted fiscal stimulus measures. The data reveals that since 2019, Italy's real GDP growth rate has consistently surpassed that of the broader Eurozone, marking a distinct period of economic resilience.

Key Drivers of Growth

  • Construction Sector Surge: Fixed investment has emerged as the primary engine of Italy's economic expansion since 2019. The construction sector, in particular, has experienced a sharp rise in value added, contributing approximately one-third of the total increase in gross value added during this period.
  • Fiscal and EU Support: A significant portion of this construction boom was initially catalyzed by the Superbonus housing renovation initiative and substantial funding allocated from the European Union's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). Italy is slated to receive €194 billion through the RRF between 2021 and 2026, with approximately 85% of these funds already disbursed to support various economic activities.
  • Improved Labor and Financial Health: The economic upswing has coincided with a decline in unemployment to its lowest levels in decades. Additionally, corporate leverage has decreased, and Italy achieved a notable milestone by recording a positive net international investment position for the first time since the 1980s.

Sustainability and Future Outlook

While the Superbonus program has largely been phased out, construction activity has demonstrated resilience, sustained by the continuous flow of RRF funds and a substantial backlog of previously allocated resources. The analysis notes that one final disbursement from the RRF is scheduled for completion by the end of 2026. Unspent funds are expected to provide further support to economic activity, potentially extending through 2027.

Risks

  • The sustainability of the economic upswing is at risk as major fiscal support programs like the Superbonus are phased out and RRF funds diminish by 2026.
  • Growth projections indicate a significant slowdown to 0.5% in 2028 as RRF-funded investment fades, highlighting the economy's reliance on temporary fiscal stimuli.
  • Despite improved economic metrics, Italy's potential growth rate remains below the Eurozone average, suggesting underlying structural challenges that may hinder long-term resilience.

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