Economy April 29, 2026 06:26 AM

Irish inflation steady at 3.6% in April as GDP contracts in first quarter

Core inflation eases while preliminary GDP data show a quarterly and year-on-year decline; retail sales post modest gains amid data revisions

By Maya Rios
Irish inflation steady at 3.6% in April as GDP contracts in first quarter

Ireland's Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) recorded a 3.6% annual increase in April, unchanged from March, with monthly prices up 0.4%. Core inflation slowed to 2.3%. Separate preliminary figures show GDP falling 2.0% quarter-on-quarter and 6.0% year-on-year in the first quarter. Retail sales volumes rose modestly in March and February data were revised upward.

Key Points

  • Headline inflation held at 3.6% in April while core inflation eased to 2.3%, affecting consumer purchasing power and pricing dynamics across sectors.
  • GDP contracted by 2.0% quarter-on-quarter and 6.0% year-on-year in the first quarter, with official assessments preferring modified domestic demand to remove multinational distortions.
  • Retail sales volumes showed modest growth in March and upward revisions for February, signaling mixed conditions for the retail sector and consumer-oriented markets.

Irish consumer price inflation remained at 3.6% in April, matching the rate registered in March, according to a flash estimate of the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices released on Wednesday. On a month-on-month basis, prices rose 0.4% in April, down from a 1.8% increase in March.

Core inflation, a measure that excludes the typically more volatile components of energy and unprocessed food, eased to 2.3% year-on-year in April from 2.6% in March. The flash estimate provided the seasonal snapshot but did not alter the headline pace recorded in March.

Last week, the finance ministry set out a projection that headline inflation could average between 3.3% and 4.6% over the year. That forecast was explicitly conditional on developments in energy prices and noted the potential influence of the conflict in the Middle East on those energy costs.

In separate national accounts data, Ireland's gross domestic product contracted by 2.0% in the first quarter compared with the prior three months. That quarterly decline corresponded to a 6.0% fall when measured year-on-year. The preliminary GDP estimates published alongside the price data do not include modified domestic demand - the alternate indicator favoured by officials - which strips out distortions associated with foreign multinational activity embedded in headline GDP figures.

Retail sales volumes provided a mixed signal. On an annual basis, volumes were up 1.6% in March and rose 0.2% month-on-month. February's retail sales volumes were revised higher to show a 1.3% year-on-year increase, compared with the previously reported 0.8% gain. The month-on-month fall for February was also revised, to a 0.6% decline rather than the 0.8% previously published.

The suite of figures paints a picture of persistent headline inflation at a multi-quarter high, a modest easing in underlying price pressures as measured by core inflation, and a contraction in headline GDP in the first quarter. Officials signal they prefer measures such as modified domestic demand to assess domestic economic momentum because those metrics remove distortions created by foreign multinationals in Ireland's headline GDP readings.


Data points included in this report:

  • HICP annual inflation: 3.6% in April, unchanged from March
  • Month-on-month price change: +0.4% in April (down from +1.8% in March)
  • Core inflation (ex-energy and unprocessed food): 2.3% year-on-year in April, down from 2.6%
  • Finance ministry inflation forecast for the year: 3.3% to 4.6%, dependent on energy price developments
  • GDP: -2.0% quarter-on-quarter in Q1; -6.0% year-on-year
  • Retail sales volumes: +1.6% year-on-year in March; +0.2% month-on-month in March; February revisions to +1.3% year-on-year and -0.6% month-on-month

Risks

  • Energy price volatility tied to the Middle East conflict could alter inflation trajectories and influence sectors sensitive to energy costs, including power and transportation.
  • Reliance on headline GDP without modified domestic demand may misstate domestic economic momentum because distortions from foreign multinationals are not removed.
  • Revisions to retail sales data illustrate data volatility and uncertainty in assessing short-term consumer spending trends, which can affect retail and consumer goods markets.

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