Since military strikes began on February 28 and subsequent operations were carried out by Iran, Israel and the United States, authorities and rights groups have reported large numbers of fatalities across the Middle East and neighbouring regions. The following account gathers the figures provided by rights organisations, state media, governments and military bodies as reported up to March 23. These totals come with caveats and, in some instances, inconsistent reporting between sources.
Iran
A U.S.-based rights organisation, HRANA, reported on March 22 that 3,268 people have been killed in Iran. HRANA said 1,443 of those killed were civilians, including at least 217 children. The group said its tally is compiled from field reports, local contacts, medical and emergency sources, civil society networks, open source material and official statements.
By contrast, the latest figures carried by Iran’s state media placed the death toll at 1,270. Iran’s ambassador to the United Nations said on March 6 that at least 1,332 people had been killed since the start of the conflict. There has been no clarification of the discrepancy among these counts. It was also not clear whether any of those numbers included at least 104 people the Iranian military said were killed in a U.S. attack on an Iranian warship off Sri Lanka on March 4.
Lebanon
Lebanese authorities reported that around 1,039 people have been killed in Israeli strikes since March 2. The World Health Organization and Lebanese health authorities said more than 100 of those killed were children.
Iraq
Iraqi authorities reported at least 81 people killed. Officials said most of those casualties were members of the Shi’ite Popular Mobilisation Forces. Port security officials also reported that one foreign crew member was killed in an attack on tankers near an Iraqi port.
Israel
Israel’s ambulance service said Iranian missile attacks have killed 16 people inside Israel. The Israeli military said two of its soldiers were killed in southern Lebanon. Separately, an Israeli was killed by the Israeli military in his car on March 22 near the border with Lebanon.
Israel said on Monday that its own forces had misfired artillery that killed a farmer near the Lebanese frontier. That fatality was described as the first Israeli civilian killed in a border conflict taking place alongside the wider war involving Iran.
West Bank
Four Palestinian women were killed in an Iranian missile attack in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, according to the reports provided.
United States
U.S. authorities reported that 13 service members have been killed. The U.S. military confirmed that six service members died after a U.S. military refuelling aircraft crashed over Iraq, while seven others were reported killed in action during operations related to Iran.
United Arab Emirates
The UAE defence ministry said eight people were killed in Iranian attacks, including two army soldiers.
Qatar
Qatar’s defence ministry reported that seven people were killed on March 22 in a helicopter crash in Qatari territorial waters after a technical malfunction during a "routine duty." The ministry provided no further details. It said four of the dead were Qatari armed forces personnel, one was a Turkish serviceman serving with the Qatar-Turkey joint forces and two were technicians working for Turkey’s defence firm ASELSAN.
Kuwait
Kuwaiti authorities have reported six deaths. Among those were two people killed in Iranian attacks, two interior ministry officers and two army soldiers.
Syria
State news agency SANA reported that four people were killed when an Iranian missile struck a building in the southern Syrian city of Sweida on February 28.
Oman
Two people were reported killed on March 13 in a drone strike on an industrial zone in Sohar province; authorities characterised these as the first fatalities inside Oman linked to the wider exchanges. Separately, the manager of a vessel said one person died earlier when a projectile struck a tanker off the coast of Muscat.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi reports indicated two people were killed when a projectile fell on a residential location in Al-Kharj city, southeast of the capital Riyadh.
Bahrain
Bahraini authorities said two people were killed in two separate Iranian attacks, the most recent hitting a residential building in the capital, Manama.
France
French officials reported one soldier killed and six others wounded after a drone attack in northern Iraq, where the French personnel were providing counterterrorism training.
These figures, reported as of March 23, reflect multiple sources and official statements. In several cases, numbers differ across sources and there remain open questions about which incidents are included in particular tallies. The totals cover military personnel and civilians, and specific notes have been made where children or particular national contingents were identified among the casualties.