Economy May 15, 2026 09:01 AM

Morgan Stanley Sees Rates on Hold Through 2026 as Tariff Pass-Through Ebbs and Oil's Core Impact Remains Limited

Bank projects a gradual easing in 2027, as fading tariff effects and narrow oil spillovers contain core inflation pressures

By Derek Hwang

Morgan Stanley expects the Federal Reserve to maintain its current policy rate through the remainder of 2026 and anticipate a slow easing cycle beginning in 2027. The bank's mid-year view hinges on two dynamics: a retreat in tariff pass-through into goods prices and only modest spillovers from higher oil into core inflation. Business investment, including AI-related spending, is forecast to offset some consumption drag tied to energy costs.

Morgan Stanley Sees Rates on Hold Through 2026 as Tariff Pass-Through Ebbs and Oil's Core Impact Remains Limited

Key Points

  • Morgan Stanley expects the Fed to maintain current interest rates through 2026, with a gradual easing cycle beginning in 2027.
  • Tariff pass-through into goods prices has decelerated; tariffs are estimated to have raised the price level by about 64 basis points so far, near the model-implied roughly 70 basis points total.
  • Higher oil has lifted gasoline and kept headline inflation elevated, but spillovers into core inflation are limited so far, with airfares the clearest area of acceleration; business investment, led by AI-driven capex and hyperscaler spending, is expected to offset some consumption weakness.

Morgan Stanley's mid-year macro outlook assumes the Federal Reserve will keep interest rates unchanged through the rest of 2026, with a measured easing phase commencing in 2027. That baseline rests on a combination of easing tariff-driven goods inflation and limited transmission of higher oil prices into core inflation measures.

Analyst Michael Gapen described the most recent Consumer Price Index release as largely compatible with the bank's expectations. Tariff-related price pressure slowed in April, with goods most exposed to tariffs showing smaller month-on-month increases than in previous months. Morgan Stanley estimates that tariffs have raised the overall price level by roughly 64 basis points to date, which the firm notes is near the approximately 70 basis points its models indicate as the full effect.

As the tariff impulse fades, the bank anticipates core goods inflation will return toward more normal rates. On the energy front, recent rises in oil prices pushed gasoline higher for a second month running, sustaining upward pressure on headline inflation. However, Morgan Stanley reports that the spillovers from higher energy into core inflation components have so far been limited. Among core categories, airfares are the only one showing a clear acceleration attributable to higher energy costs.

Looking at growth, Morgan Stanley expects US real GDP to expand by 2.3% in 2026 and 2.6% in 2027. The bank notes a modest drag on real consumption from elevated energy prices, which it expects will cap consumption growth at 1.8% in 2026 and exert disproportionate pressure on lower- and middle-income households. That consumption drag is expected to be partially offset by stronger business investment.

Specifically, Morgan Stanley projects nonresidential investment growth of 7% to 8% as AI-driven capital expenditure picks up, and it expects hyperscaler spending to exceed $1 trillion by 2027. The bank characterizes the labor market as maintaining a "curious balance," with monthly payroll gains of 50,000 to 60,000 sufficient to keep unemployment drifting toward 4.1% by 2027.

On inflation metrics central to Fed policy, Morgan Stanley forecasts core Personal Consumption Expenditures inflation easing to 2.8% to 2.9% in 2026 and slowing further to 2.3% in 2027. The bank anticipates the terminal federal funds rate will settle in a range of 3.0% to 3.25% under this scenario.

Risks

  • If tariff pressures do not continue to fade as expected, core goods inflation could remain elevated, weighing on consumer prices and goods-sector margins - impacting manufacturing and retail.
  • A broader transmission of higher oil prices into core inflation beyond airfares would keep headline and core inflation higher for longer, posing upside risk to monetary policy and pressure on household spending, especially for lower- and middle-income consumers.
  • Slower-than-expected business investment or weaker hyperscaler spending growth would reduce the offset to consumption weakness, potentially dampening nonresidential investment and technology-sector capex trends.

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