Economy March 23, 2026

ECB Must Move If Energy-Driven Inflation Becomes Entrenched, Vice President Says

Luis de Guindos warns of intervention if second-round price effects take hold amid rising energy costs

By Nina Shah
ECB Must Move If Energy-Driven Inflation Becomes Entrenched, Vice President Says

European Central Bank Vice President Luis de Guindos said the ECB cannot stop an initial inflation spike caused by higher energy prices but must intervene if those increases begin to feed through into broader, persistent price rises. The bank kept interest rates on hold last week but signalled readiness to tighten policy should second-round effects appear. De Guindos highlighted monitoring of underlying inflation, expectations and specific items such as fertilizer and food prices, and said higher energy costs are not expected to lead to a recession under current projections.

Key Points

  • ECB vice president says the bank cannot stop the initial inflationary impact of higher energy prices but must act if those price rises become entrenched - sectors affected include energy, producers and consumers.
  • The ECB held interest rates steady last week but signalled willingness to tighten policy if energy-driven inflation spills over into other goods and services, affecting inflation expectations and financial markets.
  • The bank will monitor underlying inflation, price expectations and specific items such as fertilizer and food prices - areas relevant to agriculture and food supply chains.

Frankfurt, March 23 - The European Central Bank cannot prevent an initial inflationary shock stemming from sharply higher energy costs, but it will act if those increases threaten to become entrenched, ECB Vice President Luis de Guindos told Spanish newspaper El Mundo on Monday.

The ECB left interest rates unchanged last week. Still, officials signalled they are prepared to tighten policy if elevated energy prices start to spread into the wider economy and push up the costs of other goods and services - the so-called second-round effects.

"Monetary policy cannot prevent the war from having an initial impact on both inflation and growth, but the ECB can monitor the situation and be alert to potential second-round effects," El Mundo quoted de Guindos as saying. He stressed that firms and labour unions should regard the shock as transitory; if they do not, second-round effects could follow and force the central bank to step in.

De Guindos outlined areas that the ECB will follow closely: measures of underlying inflation, price expectations and particular price components such as fertilizer and food. He also indicated that, despite higher energy costs, a recession in the euro area is unlikely under the scenarios the bank expects, since all project positive growth.

The ECB was among the last major central banks to raise interest rates during the 2021-22 inflation surge, yet it managed to bring price growth under control ahead of many peers. Inflation has remained at the bank's 2% target for the past year. However, the ECB's most recent projection shows inflation jumping to 2.6% even in its most benign scenario, with risks tilted toward higher readings.

Against this backdrop, the bank's readiness to respond to persistent pass-through from energy prices into wages and other costs underscores its vigilance on inflation dynamics rather than an attempt to counter the immediate direct effects of geopolitical shocks on energy markets.

Separately, materials in the original briefing highlighted tools designed to aid investment decisions in 2026, noting the value of institutional-grade data and AI-powered insights for identifying opportunities more consistently. That material emphasised data-driven analysis over intuition and referenced an AI tool called WarrenAI as an example for investors to consult before making decisions.

Risks

  • Second-round effects - if wages and prices broadly adjust to higher energy costs, the ECB may need to tighten policy, impacting borrowing costs and bond markets.
  • Inflation upside risk - the ECB's latest projection shows inflation could rise to 2.6% even in the most benign scenario, with risks skewed to higher readings, which may pressure consumer purchasing power and corporate margins.
  • Volatility in specific commodity prices - fertilizer and food price moves could transmit through supply chains and consumer prices, creating uncertainty for agricultural and food sectors.

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