Economy March 27, 2026

Barkin: Geopolitical shock and AI roll-out deepen uncertainty for Fed

Richmond Fed president says oil spike from U.S.-Iran war and rapid AI investment make holding rates prudent until clarity returns

By Priya Menon
Barkin: Geopolitical shock and AI roll-out deepen uncertainty for Fed

Richmond Federal Reserve President Thomas Barkin said the twin shocks of the U.S. war with Iran and the rapid deployment of artificial intelligence technologies have increased uncertainty around the central bank's outlook, making it appropriate to keep interest rates on hold. Barkin warned that an oil-price shock from the Iran conflict and AI-driven shifts in investment and labor are clouding decisions on monetary policy amid inflation running above the Fed's 2% target.

Key Points

  • Thomas Barkin says the U.S. war with Iran and the rapid roll-out of AI have increased uncertainty for Fed policy, supporting a pause on interest-rate moves - impacts financial markets and monetary policy expectations.
  • A spike in oil prices from the Iran conflict has reduced market expectations for rate cuts this year and raised the chance the Fed's next action could be a hike, affecting energy, travel and agricultural cost dynamics.
  • Rising gasoline prices weigh on consumer sentiment and may shift household spending; inflation remains about one percentage point above the Fed’s 2% target, influencing consumer-facing sectors and broader demand.

WASHINGTON, March 27 - The emergence of an armed conflict with Iran and the swift expansion of artificial intelligence investments have added new layers of uncertainty to the Federal Reserve's policy calculus, Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin said on Friday. In prepared remarks for an economic forum at East Tennessee State University, Barkin argued these developments justify pausing on interest-rate moves for the moment.

Barkin said that while uncertainty linked to issues such as tariffs and immigration had started to ease, the overall outlook had not cleared. "I can’t stand here ... and tell you the fog has lifted. If anything, it’s deepened and spread," he said, describing the combined effects of an oil-price shock tied to the Iran war and large-scale AI investment that could alter labor markets and productivity trends.

The Fed left interest rates unchanged at its policy meeting last week. Barkin said that decision reflected a desire to wait for more clarity before changing the policy stance. "It felt prudent to hold rates and await more clarity on how we should be leaning to best support the economy going forward. I, for one, am hoping to see some of this fog burn off," he said.

Market participants have broadly interpreted the recent spike in oil prices as likely to remove the prospect of rate cuts this year, and to increase the odds that the Fed's next move could be a hike, given inflation remains above the 2% goal. How much higher energy prices push overall inflation, analysts say, will depend on the duration of the conflict, the peak level of oil prices and the extent to which higher energy costs filter through to other prices such as air fares, fertilizer used in food production and shipping.

Barkin noted that U.S. demand has remained solid, but cautioned that the oil shock could change household spending patterns and dampen consumer sentiment. He pointed to the visibility of rising pump prices, saying: "There’s something fundamentally unsettling about driving by a sign every day that reminds you that prices are going up." He added that recent data suggested progress toward the Fed's 2% inflation target had stalled, "and that was before the oil price spike."

On the present level of inflation, Barkin reiterated that the Fed's preferred gauge is roughly one percentage point above the target, underscoring why policymakers are hesitant to move prematurely amid the fresh shocks of higher energy costs and rapid AI-driven investment shifts.


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Risks

  • Uncertain duration and magnitude of the Iran conflict could keep oil prices elevated, feeding through to higher costs for air travel, fertilizer and shipping - risks to energy, transportation and agriculture sectors.
  • Rapid AI-driven investment could reshape labor markets and productivity trends in ways that are currently unclear, introducing uncertainty for labor-intensive industries and capital allocation decisions.
  • Stalled progress toward the 2% inflation target increases the risk that monetary policy will need to tighten further, with potential implications for credit-sensitive sectors and financial markets.

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