Ranpak Holdings Q1 2026 Earnings Call - Automation Revenue Accelerates Amid Geopolitical Headwinds

Operator: Hello, and welcome to Ranpak Holdings first quarter 2026 earnings call. Please note that this call is being recorded. After the speakers’ prepared remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you’d like to ask a question during that time, please press star and then one on your telephone keypad. Thank you. I would now like to turn the call over to Sara Horvath, General Counsel. Please go ahead.

Sara Horvath, General Counsel, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Before we begin, I’d like to remind you that we will discuss forward-looking statements as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in our press release and the risk factors identified in our Form 10-K and our other filings filed with the SEC. Some of the statements in responses to your questions in this conference call may include forward-looking statements that are subject to future events and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements. Ranpak assumes no obligation and does not intend to update any such forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, all of which speak to the company only as of today.

The earnings release we issued this morning and the presentation for today’s call are posted on the investor relations section of our website. A copy of the release has been included in a Form 8-K that we submitted to the SEC before this call. We will also make a replay of this conference call available via webcast on the company website. For financial information that is presented on a non-GAAP basis, we have included reconciliations to the comparable GAAP information. Please refer to the table and slide presentation accompanying today’s earnings release. Lastly, we’ll be filing our 10-Q with the SEC for the period ending March 31st, 2026. The 10-Q will be available through the SEC or on the investor relations section of our website. With me today, I have Omar Asali, our Chairman and CEO, and Bill Drew, our CFO.

Omar will summarize our first quarter results and market conditions. Bill will provide additional detail on the financial results before we open up the call for questions. With that, I’ll turn the call over to Omar.

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you, Sara. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. We are pleased with how we started the year and how effectively we are navigating a dynamic environment. I believe the work we have done over the past several years and strategic focus we have taken towards developing paper-based, value-added, and differentiated solutions positions us well to advance our position in this environment. Our strategy is working, and the business is demonstrating strong momentum across critical areas such as automation and large enterprise accounts that we have been investing in for years. Automation delivered an exceptionally strong quarter, increasing 111% year-over-year on a constant currency basis and excluding the impact of foreign exchange.

The momentum is evident and anchored by our European business, where we continue to build strong reputation across a wide range of accounts, as well as our larger customers such as Walmart in North America. Automation is a major growth engine and clear differentiator for us in the market. The cost savings our solutions deliver through lower freight, labor, and higher throughput are significant and mission-critical for large organizations. PPS volumes increased 0.8% year-over-year, marking growth in 10 out of the last 11 quarters. Europe was the outperformer and exceeded expectations that we shared on our fourth quarter call. The trends we shared regarding North America in our fourth quarter call came to fruition as we saw strength with our large enterprise e-commerce customers.

The distribution channel faced a challenging comparison with the first quarter last year, as many customers were reinvesting in inventory due to paper market disruptions. Overall, we expect this trend to normalize throughout the year and get back to growth in this very important channel. We have invested a great deal in new product introduction related to our PPS business and believe many of our new products in cushioning, wrapping, and void fill are reinvigorating the channel. Cushioning in particular is gaining tremendous momentum through our Guardian 24 launch in North America, and the launch is timely given the current disruption in pricing in the resin markets. Now more on to our results.

Consolidated net revenue increased 4.5% on a constant currency basis for the quarter or 5.4%, excluding the impact of foreign exchange, driven by an excellent almost 100% growth in automation on a constant currency basis. We also benefited from strong currency tailwinds in the quarter, which added 6.5 percentage points to top-line growth on a reported basis in the quarter. Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.6 million to $18.9 million on a reported basis and was flat in constant currency terms. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, Adjusted EBITDA increased 5% on a constant currency basis and roughly in line with growth in gross profit on a constant currency basis. Moving to the market environment and with how we are positioned.

Prior to the start of the war, we had been seeing positive movement in economic activity in Europe following several years of challenging conditions driven by energy price shocks, tariffs, and elevated inflation. The global conflicts that have unfolded since the end of February are creating a new flavor of energy price shocks and uncertainty across the globe that we are navigating. So far, we are not seeing a meaningful impact on demand side of the business, but customers are understandably nervous about the impact higher gas prices may have on the consumer and the resulting demand for goods. At the same time, the goods economy has been soft for the past number of years as consumers have shifted dollars to travel and experiences. With travel now becoming significantly more expensive due to fuel price increases, we could see some rebalancing if folks decide to stay home and order more goods.

It’s too early to say how this will play out, but we are positioning ourselves conservatively when it comes to managing the business and being extremely mindful of our margin profile by taking cost reduction measures and continuing our focus on operational efficiency. In North America, the input cost environment for paper has been stable, which positions us well against resin, where we have already seen meaningful price increases begin in the marketplace. We’re pushing the sales team to be aggressive in accelerating the plastic to paper transition, as this is a dynamic we have not seen in North America in years. In Europe, Dutch TTF gas pricing has been volatile since the start of the conflict, moving from the low to mid-30s to more than EUR 60 per megawatt hour, quickly following the start of the conflict, before retreating to the current levels in the low to mid-40s.

Paper producers in Europe are passing on price increases beginning in the second quarter, and we will in turn protect our margins through a temporary surcharge. We are being transparent with our customers, and when conditions normalize, we will remove the surcharge. From a commercial perspective in Europe, we see additional opportunities for paper to gain share versus plastic, as resin costs and availability in the region are experiencing greater pressure than what we are seeing flow through the paper markets. Conditions seem to be changing daily, but overall, we believe they are manageable and are far better than what we experienced in Europe in 2022 following the start of the Russia-Ukraine war, where the continent lost nearly half of its gas supply overnight. For everybody’s sake, we’re hopeful for a speedy end to the conflict, but are positioning ourselves for this prolonged uncertainty.

Fortunately, we have some very powerful structural tailwinds at our back and strong momentum in automation, as well as with our largest customers, Amazon and Walmart, where our relationships continue to deepen. Our sequencing and priorities are consistent with what I shared in our last call: drive top line growth to achieve scale, leverage that scale to unlock operational efficiencies and enhance purchasing power, which will flow through to Adjusted EBITDA as revenue continues to grow. This in turn will support deleveraging and ultimately enable us to generate meaningful cash. The strategy remains the same in this environment. With that, here’s Bill with more information on the quarter.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you, Omar. In the deck, you’ll see a summary of some of our key performance indicators. We’ll also be filing our 10-Q, which provides further information on Ranpak’s operating results. Overall net revenue for the company in the first quarter increased 4.5% year-over-year on a constant currency basis, or an increase of 5.4% excluding the impact of warrants, driven by accelerating growth in automation, volume strength in EMEA and APAC, and solid e-commerce volume growth in North America. Our North America business was roughly flat in the quarter or up 1.6% excluding the impact of warrants, as more than 130% growth in automation, excluding warrants, was offset by the lower contribution from the PPS distribution channel versus the prior year.

Growth with Walmart really helped propel the North American automation business in the first quarter, but we expect more broad-based growth throughout the year. We lapped prior year PPS volume growth of 45% in an unusual environment where distributors were restocking, so we were pleased with the team’s ability to keep the gap as narrow as it was. In Europe and APAC, net revenue increased 8.6% on a constant currency basis, driven by 95.2% growth in automation and 3.4% volume growth in PPS. We saw volume growth in both EMEA and APAC in the quarter and are looking to build on that throughout the year through our key initiatives with sales, product management, and procurement.

Gross profit increased 5.2% on a constant currency basis in the quarter and would have increased 7.9% excluding the $1.7 million non-cash provision for warrants. Excluding depreciation within COGS and warrants, gross profit would have increased 9.8% on a constant currency basis. Our cost out and margin efficiencies are taking hold, driving 210 basis points of gross margin improvement to 43.1%, excluding warrants and depreciation, even in a quarter where automation and large enterprise accounts in NOAM had an outsized impact. We continue to believe gross margins are a real opportunity for us in 2026 and are pleased that our actions are having an impact. The footprint activities in NOAM have settled and resulted in reduced temporary charges that we saw last year and cost out initiatives are taking hold.

Our greater scale and growth prospects in PPS and automation are also enabling us to be better buyers of key inputs. SG&A, excluding RSU expense, was down 1.5% on a constant currency basis versus prior year. As we have shared previously, we are extremely focused on controlling our costs and improving our margin profile. Tight spend and leveraging our G&A investments to better absorb our overhead remains a top priority. This is particularly true for automation, where a substantial amount of our G&A investments over the past few years has been focused. The greater scale we are building is getting us much closer to break even on an Adjusted EBITDA basis. As Omar mentioned, Adjusted EBITDA was flat year-over-year on a constant currency basis, or up 5% excluding the impact of warrants.

The constant currency calculation is based on a rate of 1.052, which was last year’s average rate for the quarter. There’s been considerable movement in the euro since then. As an example, on a reported basis, Adjusted EBITDA increased 9.2%, and had the rate used for constant currency been 1.15, Adjusted EBITDA would have been up 1.6%. Given the movement in the currency, we wanted to provide a few different data points to help triangulate the moving pieces. Moving to the balance sheet and liquidity. We completed Q1 2026 with a strong liquidity position with a cash balance of $48.5 million and no drawings on our revolving credit facility, bringing our reported net leverage to 4.7 times on an LTM basis.

Our goal remains to achieve between two and a half to 3 turns at net leverage, which we believe we can do over the next 24 months. Our CapEx for the quarter was $8.3 million, which is up $800K from prior year, but still meaningfully below the level seen in 2023 and 2024. We continue to be disciplined in our CapEx spend in order to maximize cash. With that, I’ll turn it to Omar.

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you, Bill. Before I close, I want to touch on a few strategic updates on the broader environment we’re operating in. During the quarter, we funded an additional investment in Pickle Robot through a SAFE note transaction. This allows us to maintain our roughly 9% ownership stake in the company, which we continue to view as highly strategic and valuable. The momentum in automation is real and strong. Given how we started the year in terms of bookings, we’re expecting to be closer to $60 million in revenue in automation this year, and I am confident in our path to surpassing $100 million in revenue in the near future. As Bill mentioned, our margin enhancement initiatives are taking hold. The team is getting a lot more efficient and improving execution across both PPS and automation.

These efforts are starting to show up in the numbers and will continue to build throughout the year, including key projects like sourcing paper locally in Asia, which we believe is a major opportunity to reduce costs and drive top line growth in the region. Our relationships with large enterprise accounts remain strong and are deepening as expected. We are pursuing initiatives with both Amazon and Walmart that we believe can meaningfully move the needle over the next 24 months. We continue to expect more than $1 billion in cumulative revenue from these two relationships over the next 8-10 years. Within the current environment, we’re focused on what we can control, driving our key initiatives, strengthening our top line, and improving margins.

We feel very good about the direction of the business and the opportunities ahead, particularly as we advance our industrial technology platform and expand the cross-selling opportunities it creates for PPS. Thank you again for your time and continued support. With that, we’d like to open the line for questions. Operator?

Operator: Thank you. We are now opening the floor for question and answer session. If you’d like to ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. That’s star followed by one on your telephone keypad. Your first question comes from the line of Greg Palm of Craig-Hallum. Your line is now open.

Greg Palm, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Thanks. Good morning and congrats on the results. I think what stood out most to me was, you know, your results in Europe, just given everything going on there. Maybe you can spend a little bit more time on giving us a little bit of a flavor on sort of what’s going on in the region, you know, since the start of the war. I’m also interested in the comments about resin, not just cost, but availability. Did you actually see any shift in the quarter, you know, to paper, or is that something, you know, a potential that we could see play throughout the year?

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Yeah. Morning, Greg. I think I’ll start with that last point. On the resin, I think this is something that we didn’t see in the first quarter. Frankly, we’re seeing more of it now, we’re seeing more concern around, you know, customers shifting. I think it’s largely driven by price, availability could be a factor. What we saw in Q1 was a couple of things. One from our team. Late last year, we had changed part of the organization and the sales organization in Europe. We have more focused leadership, frankly, stronger, more analytical leadership, we saw better execution throughout the quarter. That execution was both covering existing accounts better, as well as increasing the level of trials and closes, which are metrics that we’re following very closely. Fundamentally, I think there was better execution in Q1.

Second, just from a demand standpoint, we got very concerned like everybody else with the war. As March progressed, we continue to see decent demand, and if I’m being frank, we continue to see that in this quarter as well. The European team and our European business continue to do better than what we had expected. And I think it’s honestly execution, and I think right now there is a benefit from the resin to paper switch. The concern is always with the war ongoing and with energy prices is will this impact demand and when, and could that play a role in the upcoming weeks? We, we really don’t know. What we’re seeing day by day, Greg, we continue to see a business trends that we like.

Greg Palm, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Okay, great. I recall last quarter, you know, you talked about automation, and I think you had a pretty good backlog going into the quarter, it also sounds like you had pretty good bookings activity in Q1 as well, which, you know, it sounds like has given you a little bit more confidence in that growth outlook. What exactly are you seeing? Just curious what kinda conversations or order activity or pipeline came out of MODEX, you know, it sounds like the path to surpassing 100 million, I think you used the term, you know, kinda near term, obviously not this year, but sounds like you’re more-

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Mm-hmm

Greg Palm, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: ... confident in your ability to get there.

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: I think our confidence is increasing, Greg. I think that’s correct. Just to give you a sense where we are, including this past quarter in the last few years, cumulatively, we have sold more than $120 million in equipment. We have a lot of equipment out there working 24/7. We have customer feedback. We’ve built customer confidence. We’re building our reputation. You mentioned MODEX, which is the show here in the U.S. There’s an equivalent show in Germany called LogiMAT that happened a few weeks before that. We had record attendance, record leads in both shows. We feel like we’re building a very, very strong reputation as a real player in packaging automation. Obviously, as you and I know, it takes some time to do that.

That’s the first step that I would highlight, that I like where we are and the inflection point that I see. In terms of booking and in terms of activity, honestly, we are super busy. The appetite is there. We continue to build our funnel. Our funnel in Europe is exceptionally strong. Our funnel in the U.S. is developing, and obviously, it’s driven by a number of very large enterprises that we’re close to, but we’re expanding that enterprise coverage in the U.S. around automation. You know, our confidence in hitting our numbers this year and getting to $100 million in the near term, honestly, Greg, is very high.

The other thing that we’re seeing is that automation business is increasingly driving some volume for PPS with customers that historically have not used us in protective packaging, getting to know us through automation, and then asking for some of our packaging solutions, and vice versa. The new businesses we continue to see, they go well. I, I would say our operating and commercial muscle in automation has really developed a place where our confidence is quite high with what we’re seeing near term. If you talk just about the market, remember, our solutions come with ROI. ROI around labor, ROI around freight, around materials, around energy. We live in a world where everybody is under so much inflationary pressure, frankly, in a world where there are labor issues as well.

Coming up with these solutions that are reliable is resonating in the marketplace.

Greg Palm, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Yeah. Okay, makes sense. Last one from me. I didn’t see or hear you address the guide for the full year. Based on the outperformance in Q1, I mean, knowing we still have a lot of time left in the year, qualitatively, how are you thinking about the guide you put back out in March?

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Qualitatively, feeling great. We feel that the business is in really good shape. You know, we don’t wanna be in the business of frankly, like, just tinkering with the guide all the time, and in particular, if I’m being blunt, not understanding what’s happening geopolitically and what the impact of that could be, which is something that we just cannot analyze. You know, we’ve decided we’re gonna keep executing, our confidence is very high. We think this first quarter positions us very well for the rest of the year. When we look at the building blocks, Greg, for the rest of the year, we feel we have a lot in our arsenal, you know, to deliver and surpass.

Greg Palm, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Okay. I will leave it there. Thanks.

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Ghansham Panjabi of Baird. Your line is now open.

Justin Sielicki, Analyst, Baird: Hey, guys. Good morning. This is actually Justin Sielicki for Gansham. Thanks for taking my questions. Maybe just to start off on the demand component, Omar, you’re talking about, you know, March and April continuing to stay strong. Is there a chance that that could just be, you know, a potential pre-buy from your customers just, you know, ahead of any potential price increases? Maybe related to that and just, you know, maybe on the margin cadence for the year. Just given those, you know, input cost headwinds that you guys are gonna face and just, you know, the price increases are eventually gonna come via surcharge. Is there any

Is there gonna be any, you know, potential lag where maybe you might see, you know, some margin impact in 2Q before you start to realize that, you know, in the back half of the year?

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Let me start, and then I’ll have Bill chime in. On the buy-in, it’s very tough to say if some of it is buy-in or not in light of people anticipating. I will tell you, we’re watching carefully what’s happening now. We’re watching very closely what our book looks like in May. We’re also watching very closely the bottom up, sort of our trials, our closes, our funnel. There is no question that the building blocks are better in our company and that we are winning at existing accounts, we’re winning new facilities, we’re also winning new accounts, and that is part of the growth that we’re talking about. Could there be some folks in general doing some buy-in here and there? Yes.

I will tell you, we try to stay very, very close to our end users and very close to our distribution channel, Justin. The level of inventories out there is not high. It’s not concerning. When we look at the period of inventory that they’re having, we’re not seeing any abnormality there. I think that’s the one point around what we’re seeing in the marketplace. On cost, let me start, then I’ll have Bill chime in. We actually feel pretty good. In the U.S., we have a number of agreements in place that are giving us quite a bit of protection, and the paper market is stable, and we are getting our hands on good supply, high quality product, and the prices are locked in. It’s actually enabling us to go and compete against some of the plastic plays.

When I mentioned the Guardian24, that’s a cushioning application where we’re competing against foam and other resin-based cushioning applications. A huge issue in pricing with some of them up 30%, 40%, 50%, while our price is stable. Our price to the customer is stable, our productivity is high, and then our input cost is stable. Actually we like what we’re seeing in the U.S. In Europe, it’s slightly different because some of the product is dependent on nat gas, and that obviously has been volatile. This is why we are adding the surcharge just to protect our margin, and that has been communicated to the market. The market understands it. We’re giving visibility. If there is no need to have the surcharge in the future, we will deal with it.

We’re calling it a temporary surcharge, and the market has embraced it there. We have not seen any sort of change in patterns in terms of buying patterns with us asking for the surcharge. Bill, I don’t know if you wanna add stuff on the cost side.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: I think overall for the margin, gross margin for the year, we are expecting to see improvement versus last year by a good 200 basis points. I do think, you know, in Europe, you’ll see a slight lag in Q2, so you might see a little bit of pressure in the beginning of it, but that will level out as the surcharge goes into effect. And as Omar mentioned, we’re just very focused on maintaining our margin profile, and we think we’ve covered that well with the surcharge. Where you could see some impact is if customers trade down to lower paper grades. Overall, I think, you know, we feel good about our margin outlook for Europe and APAC.

Justin Sielicki, Analyst, Baird: Okay, great. Maybe just one last one for me. You know, Bill, I think, you know, the free cash flow bogey that you guys gave was kind of in the, you know, $15 million range, you know, during your call in March. You know, can you just help us, you know, think about that, you know, again, and if there’s any puts and takes just given everything that’s going on, whether it be, you know, higher working capital just, you know, given higher inventory holding costs or whatever that might be just to kind of bridge that gap for us. That’d be much appreciated.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Yeah. I think, I think it still holds, right? If you look at the midpoint of the guide, you know, we’re still around that about $90 million area, right? You add back the $6 million-$8 million of warrants. I think on the, you know, that piece we’re still holding. On CapEx, I do think that we can probably do a little bit better. We’re looking at $35 million. I think we might be able to be better than that. We’re very focused on managing that tightly. Cash interest still remains about $34 million or so. Cash taxes, that $3 million-$4 million. Working cap, we are still expecting about a slight use of $4 million-$5 million.

still kinda gets you to that $15 million area prior to any debt pay down.

Justin Sielicki, Analyst, Baird: Okay, great. Thank you. Sorry.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: You know. Sorry, just outside of that, right? In addition to kind of the margins that you were asking about, we do have a lot of projects and cost out initiatives in play. You know, our new COO has implemented a really strong Lean Six Sigma program that’s underway in both Europe and North America, and identifying a lot of opportunities for us to get more efficient, take costs out of the business, and help improve our margins.

Justin Sielicki, Analyst, Baird: Great. Thank you, guys.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Ghansham Panjabi of Baird. Your line is now open.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Ellie, I think that was just Baird that just asked.

Operator: Apologies about that. If you’d like to ask a question, please press star and then 1 on your telephone keypad. We will pause for a moment to wait for the questions to come in. Your next question comes from the line of Troy Jensen of Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now open.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Hey, gentlemen. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on the upside here this quarter. Maybe a couple of questions just for you, Bill. To start off, 10% customers, can you quantify how many you had in the quarter?

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: We did. We had one 10% customer. It was about 10.5%.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Would you expect to have multiple 10% customers sometime this year?

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: This year, I wouldn’t say so, but certainly over the next few years.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Okay. All right, perfect. To follow up on Greg’s question on the guidance, ETV revenue seems safe, but I guess I just wanna focus on the EBITDA. I think the midpoint of your EBITDA guidance was about $90 million. You did $12 million here in Q1, you gotta do about $25 million per quarter. Just thoughts on kinda hitting the midpoint of that EBITDA guidance.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: The guidance based on the Adjusted EBITDA, Troy, so first quarter was $18.9.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Yeah. That, that’s an offset right there. All right, my last question. Just on the Pickle Robot Company, have they reported a valuation pre or post capital raise?

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: They have not. Pickle, just to give you a quick update, they have gotten the largest, you know, industrial PO for robots in the warehouse. They’re working on that. Pickle, as we speak, will be doing a round and the fundraise that will determine sort of, you know, the new valuation. They’re in the marketplace for that as we speak.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Gotcha. Have they talked about liquidation plans? Is it an IPO target or just grow the business or I’m assuming they get some liquidation, but any thoughts?

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Sorry. On Pickle, I think the expectation is they’ll be doing a round. My expectation is this will probably be probably the last round that they do before contemplating, you know, something like potentially, you know, the public markets or an IPO. We’ll see. The most important thing honestly is the customer traction and where the technology is. From all the work that we’ve done, we continue to believe they are the leader in trailer unload, frankly, the POs are giving us that validation.

Troy Jensen, Analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald: Yeah, they clearly are. All right, guys. Thanks for the time and keep up the good work.

Omar Asali, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thanks.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thanks, Troy.

Operator: Thank you. I’d now like to hand the call back to Bill Drew for closing remarks.

Bill Drew, Chief Financial Officer, Ranpak Holdings: Thank you, Ellie. Thank you all for joining us today. Look forward to catching up on our update for Q2.

Operator: Thank you for attending today’s call. You may now disconnect. Goodbye.