Galaxy Digital Q4 2025 Earnings Call - Helios approval doubles capacity to 1.6 GW, CoreWeave lease moves data centers into near-term revenue

Conference Operator: Good morning, and welcome to the Galaxy Digital fourth quarter 2025 earnings call. Today’s call is being recorded. After today’s presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your telephone keypad, and to withdraw your question, please press star then two. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Jonathan Gudowski, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Jonathan Gudowski, Head of Investor Relations, Galaxy Digital: Good morning, and welcome to Galaxy’s fourth quarter and full year 2025 earnings call. Before we begin, please note that our remarks, including answers to your questions, may include forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those described in these statements as a result of various factors, including those identified in the disclaimers in our earnings release or other filings, which have been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and on SEDAR+. Forward-looking statements speak only as of today and will not be updated. Additionally, we may discuss references to non-GAAP metrics, the reconciliations of which can also be found in our earnings release. Finally, none of the information on this call constitutes a recommendation, solicitation, or offer by Galaxy or its affiliates to buy or sell any securities. With that, I’ll turn it over to Mike Novogratz, founder and CEO of Galaxy.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Hey, good morning, everybody. We’re in New York City. We’ve got ice in the Hudson. Still chilly out here. Listen, I think about this quarter and our year a lot, and I thought in a perfect Dickensian way, that this is a tale of three cities, not two cities. And so I’m gonna start with the shiny one. Listen, our data center business, I couldn’t be more excited for it. We’re now over 1.6 gigawatts of improved capacity. If you haven’t followed our stock as closely as I think you have, we got 830 megawatts of additional power approved recently. I wanna give a shout-out to the state of Texas. They’ve proven to be great to do business with.

I literally have got an extra set of cowboy boots every month. And so we’re excited. Listen, there is not a lot of 830-megawatt new sites of power being granted in the United States. We are engaging with potential tenants and, you know, hopefully in the next, you know, period of time, have news on who’s gonna occupy that site. At the same time, we’ve got over 1,000 employees or 1,000 workers, I should say, they’re not employees, building out the site for CoreWeave. We hope to have or we will have our first data halls delivered by the end of Q1. And so the data center business will start cash flowing, you know, quite quickly.

On top of that, you know, we’re engaged in conversations with other sites, both in Texas and in other states. And so, the data center business is growing. It is a macro environment still where the demand for power is strong. You see that everywhere you’re reading and looking. It’s usually the same five or six major players, but underneath that, there are a whole lot of other players that are, you know, building out data centers themselves. And so couldn’t be more bullish on the data center business. You know, the crypto business or the digital assets business, that itself is a tale of two cities, you know, both internally at Galaxy and broadly macro. So macro-wise, you have the crypto coins, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, you name them, have been in a bear market.

When we cracked 100 in Bitcoin, there was a lot of price action above that. Ever since then, I thought it’s been in a, you know, 75-100 range. We’re at the lower end of that range right now. If you had told me a year ago with gold at the highs and Nasdaq at the highs and a very friendly administration, that we would be lower, I’d have said, "No way." And so when that happens, you gotta think through what’s gone on. And I think there’s a lot that’s gone on. I think people got excited over 100,000 and felt like the race was won.

You know, all the hard work over 15 years to get there felt like some relief that the community had done something so amazing, and that somehow allowed people to take profit, and then that profit-taking became a bit of a virus. And so we are distributing a lot of those HODLed coins into new buyers. And I learned early on, as a trader, prices are set at the margin. Obviously, there have been more sellers than buyers, and the question just is, when to stop? You know, do we find sellers exhaustion at one point? And what are the catalysts to turn it around? I do think we’re at the lower end of the range, and what I would say is, we’ve been here before.

Anyone who’s been in crypto for more than five years realize that part of the ethos of this whole industry is pain, and that often when things feel worst, it’s time to be very focused and potentially accumulating or at least getting prepared to... Because when the tide turns, it turns quick. Potential catalysts are if we finally pass this crypto legislation here in the U.S. We just got a new Fed governor. We can talk about that later. He is not as dovish as people had hoped, right? You were hoping that you were gonna get someone who would do the president’s bidding, and I think the market reaction, both in precious metals and in crypto, was telling and was a nod of recognition to Kevin Warsh.

As a man of integrity. That said, the budget deficit is still 6.5%, our debt is $40 trillion, and the broad story that brought people into Bitcoin as a, as a store of value, as a digital gold, is intact. And so we certainly haven’t given up on, on our bullishness around the long-term prospects of crypto. So our balance sheet took a hit in the fourth quarter. In some ways, it was unfortunately the, the mirror of the third quarter, where we had a great balance sheet and, and gave a lot of that back. Our underlying business, however, again, back to my tale of two cities within crypto, has had a great year, right?

We did over $500 million in operating revenue, and so again, strip out the balance sheet, Galaxy’s digital assets business is a big business. It’s got a great brand. We’ve got great relationships with a lot of institutional customers. We had record trading volumes. Our loan book has grown immensely. $12 billion of assets on our platform. And so I feel really good about our overall business and, you know, I would say neutral to getting ready to hopefully feel bullish about the overall crypto market. The last thing I’d say is, there’s a very big and exciting bull market in what I call blockchain plumbing or digital asset plumbing, right?

Even before the passage of this market structure bill, every TradFi institution that we’re in touch with is figuring out, in a much, much quicker pace, how they’re gonna participate in this transition to a digital world, where wallets replace accounts. And so you read about the kind of the stablecoin debates that are going on in D.C. Hopefully in the next, you know, period of time, we’re gonna have some big announcements about, you know, different endeavors we’re taking with TradFi companies. But Galaxy sees ourselves as a partner for lots of these people. We’re gonna partner with some. We sit in our office, we’re like, "Are they a collaborator or a competitor or a client," right? They’re a little bit of all of them, and so that’s a bull market for us.

And it feels that way. And so, you know, we could go into a period where the old business doesn’t do as well, but you’re building into the new business. And what is that new business? That new business is gonna be more on-chain stuff, but it’s gonna be traditional assets that use crypto rails. You already see it. There’s a, there’s a protocol called XYZ, which trades on the Hyperliquid platform. In full disclosure, we, we are long Hyperliquid. That is doing $4 billion of revenue already. It did 4% of the CME volume in silver. And so as we see assets that are traditionally not trading on blockchain rails shift to the blockchain, we think that’s, you know, ripe opportunity for Galaxy and for the whole space.

So with that, I will say, I’m hoping that Chris or Tony has a literary metaphor for their piece, and I’m gonna pass the ball.

Tony, Financial Executive, Galaxy Digital: Thanks, Mike. And thanks everyone for joining us on the call today. It’s my pleasure to present the results for Q4 and full year 2025, before turning it over to Chris to provide a little more context on the data centers. First, starting with our full year 2025, we reported a GAAP net loss of $241 million or $0.61 per share. These results were impacted by approximately $160 million in one-time items that occurred earlier in the year, including write-downs and other expenses related to our legacy Bitcoin mining infrastructure, costs tied to our U.S. listing and corporate reorganization, and a negative mark-to-market adjustment on the embedded derivative associated with our exchangeable notes, which no longer impacts results following our Q2 2025 reorganization.

Despite these non-recurring charges, our business delivered $34 million of adjusted EBITDA in 2025. This performance came against the backdrop of a 10% decline in the total crypto market cap, driven by a 24% drop in Q4. This profitable performance also underscores the growing scale of our business and the increasing contribution of recurring fee and transaction-oriented revenue within our earnings mix. In our digital assets operating segment, we generated record adjusted gross profit of $505 million in the year, up from $303 million in 2024, representing a 67% year-over-year growth, an acceleration that reflects both operating leverage and the strength of our diversified business model. Growth was broad-based, with strong contributions across trading, investment banking, lending, asset management, and staking.

In treasury and corporate, we reported an adjusted gross loss of $86 million in 2025, primarily reflecting the unrealized losses in our digital asset and investment portfolio during the year as a result of lower digital asset prices. In data centers, as we’ve discussed previously, we expect financial results in this segment to remain de minimis until we begin recognizing revenue under phase one of our CoreWeave lease agreement, which we expect to start later in Q1. Turning to the balance sheet, we ended the year with 11.3 billion in total assets and over $3 billion in equity capital, with roughly 60% allocated to our operating businesses.

That mix will fluctuate quarter-over-quarter with movements in our treasury portfolio, but as stated previously, over time, we expect the percentage allocated to our operating businesses to increase as we scale across both digital assets and data centers. Within treasury and corporate, we held approximately $1.7 billion of net digital assets and investments at year-end, down 22% quarter-over-quarter. That decline primarily reflects market depreciation, as Mike discussed, which resulted in unrealized losses across our investment portfolio. We also closed the year with $2.6 billion of cash and stablecoins on balance sheet, up approximately $700 million from Q3.

That increase reflects two strategic capital raises in Q4, a $1.3 billion exchangeable note issuance, and a $325 million equity investment in Galaxy by one of the world’s largest asset managers, which together resulted in approximately $1.6 billion of net proceeds to the company. Cash raised in Q4 went to two primary uses: continued investments in data center infrastructure to ensure we stay on track for upcoming data hall deliveries and paying down short-term borrowings. Going forward, uses will be focused on continued data center build, as well as general corporate purposes, including ensuring sufficient liquidity for the potential repayment of the $445 million of exchangeable notes that mature in December 2026.

Maintaining disciplined risk and balance sheet management, focused on strong capital and liquidity, remains a critical priority as we execute our multi-pronged growth strategy across digital assets and data centers. Now, shifting to our digital assets business. Q4, as Mike mentioned, reflected lower digital asset prices, softer sentiment, and reduced activity industry-wide. Coming off a record Q3, that shift was more pronounced, but we maintained strong client engagement throughout the quarter. In our global markets business, we delivered adjusted gross profit of $30 million in Q4, bringing our full year global markets adjusted gross profit to $423 million, up 88% year over year. Our average loan book held steady at $1.8 billion, despite broader market pressures, which is a strong indication of the business resilience and sustained client demand.

Digital asset trading volumes declined approximately 40% quarter-over-quarter, largely reflecting softer client activity on the back of a record Q3 and lower industry-wide volumes. That said, we’re starting to see capital formation migrate onto blockchain rails, and we’re deeply engaged with some of the world’s largest banks, asset managers, and hedge funds across everything from credit and on-chain markets to electronic trading and ETF create redeem workflows. For a quick update on Galaxy One, we’re continuing to make progress here as well. While it’s still early days, we’re encouraged by the momentum we’ve seen over the first 4 months since our launch. We’ve seen strong adoption of our high-yield products, which offer market-leading yield and serve as a compelling entry point into Galaxy One. We’ve also been listening closely to our user feedback on what they want from their accounts.

That’s already led to the launch of daily buys, more accessible account minimums, and in-app staking and custody, which are coming soon. Now, turning to asset management and infrastructure solutions, we delivered adjusted gross profit of $21 million in Q4 and $82 million in 2025, up roughly 5% year-over-year. Galaxy ended Q4 with $12 billion in assets on platform, down approximately 15% quarter-over-quarter, reflecting the impact of digital asset price depreciation. While overall flows were more muted in Q4, we continued to expand our product suite to meet the needs of our clients. We partnered with Invesco to launch the Invesco Galaxy Solana ETP. We collaborated with State Street Global Advisors to tokenize a private liquidity fund, which is a step forward toward broader adoption of tokenized investment vehicles.

And post-quarter end, we announced the initial closing of our debut tokenized CLO, a major step towards building a tokenized credit platform. And on the infrastructure solution side, in Q4, we completed our fifth integration with a leading custodian and closed the acquisition of Alluvial Finance. This acquisition marks a key milestone, bringing us into liquid staking, which we see as essential for institutional adoption, given its capital efficiency and alignment with broader DeFi and yield strategies. In all, Galaxy’s digital asset business made significant strides in 2025, with momentum building both strategically and operationally. In global markets, we delivered record trading volumes, including executing one of the largest notional Bitcoin transactions in digital asset history and a record average loan book size.

Asset Management rolled out several new ETF and alternative investment products and delivered $2 billion of net inflows during the year, representing 30% organic growth. In infrastructure solutions, we grew our assets under stake by $750 million and scaled our platform, deepening access for clients and solidifying Galaxy’s position in institutional workflows. As we head into 2026, we’re building with a clear focus, aligning the momentum in digital assets with the long-term needs of our clients. Across our platform, we’re seeing deeper engagement, not just access seeking, but demand for infrastructure, product, and partnership. As Mike said, the line between traditional and digital finance is disappearing, and we’re designing for where institutional demand is going, not where it’s been.

We’re meeting that moment with a unified strategy, scaling structured products like our tokenized CLO, launching targeted investment strategies, such as our newly formed fintech fund, and delivering on-chain solutions built for institutional scale. We’ve also realigned our leadership and operating teams behind this strategy, enhancing coordination across product, infrastructure, and go-to-market as we serve increasingly sophisticated institutional clients who are looking for integrated solutions across our platform. This is where Galaxy, Galaxy stands apart, investing ahead of the curve with technology, foundation, and operational strength to be a full-stack partner through this transition.

Conference Operator: ... Despite the recent pullback in crypto prices, we enter the year with conviction and the platform to lead. With that, let me turn it over to Chris to discuss the data center business.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Thanks, Tony and Mike. I would normally go with, "We are John Galt," but I think today we’re going to go with, "Go west, young man, and grow with the country." I could not be more pleased to share that subsequent to quarter end, we completed a large load interconnect study and received approval from ERCOT for an additional 830 MW of power capacity at the Helios campus. This approval more than doubles Helios’s footprint of approved power capacity and represents a significant milestone in the long-term expansion of our flagship campus. With 800 MW now contracted under our lease agreement with CoreWeave, this recent approval of incremental capacity expands our leasing optionality, providing additional power that can be allocated to existing or new tenants during a period of intense demand for large-scale AI data center capacity.

The timeline to energize the next 830 MW of capacity will depend on several factors, including the completion of certain approved transmission infrastructure, including a private substation. Based on current procurement and construction schedules, we expect to begin energizing this additional capacity in late 2028 through early 2029. With more than 1.6 GW of approved power capacity, Helios is among the largest AI data center campuses currently under development and is projected to be the largest known 100% front-of-the-meter data center campus. We continue to pursue ambitious expansion plans. Beyond the capacity already approved, we have two applications totaling approximately 1.8 GW of incremental requests progressing through various stages of the load study process.

We are actively engaged with ERCOT and closely following guidance on the timelines and requirements under the new batch process, and we’re encouraged by the continued evolution and increased clarity of those procedures. Turning to construction. We’re prepared to deliver the first data hall to CoreWeave later in Q1 as part of our phase one project and remain on track to deliver the remaining data halls, representing the full 133 megawatts of critical IT for phase one within the first half of the year. In order to make this possible, the team has been incredibly busy. In the fourth quarter, the building was completely dried in, meaning the structure was fully enclosed and protected from the elements, allowing us to proceed efficiently with interior work regardless of weather conditions.

All generators and e-houses to support the first data hall are fully set in place, and importantly, every major component required to energize that first data hall is on-site and installed. With materials in position, we transition into commissioning. As a reminder, commissioning is a multilevel process that validates the electrical and mechanical infrastructure is installed, configured, and operating correctly. We began commissioning activities in the fourth quarter and have continued moving through the process. Recently, severe winter weather swept across much of the country, including Texas, as Winter Storm Fern and heavy snow and ice moved through the region. During that period, construction was temporarily paused as several inches of snow and ice accumulated across the campus. Even so, the team responded quickly and decisively, protecting critical mechanical equipment and preparing the site for rapid restart.

Within five days of the storm, more than 1,000 subcontractors were back on site and construction resumed. We remain on track to turn over the first data hall in the first quarter, with the remaining data halls coming online by the end of the second quarter. Looking ahead, we’ve kicked off earth, concrete, and steelwork associated with our phase two development of the Helios campus. We’ve issued purchase orders to secure critical long-lead equipment to support the additional building development that will house the 260 megawatts of incremental critical IT capacity for phase two. Overall, execution remains strong, construction is tracking well, and Helios continues to transition from a large-scale construction project into an operational AI data center campus, positioning us to be recognized as one of the few companies that has proven its ability to execute on a hyperscale AI data center development.

Turning briefly to phase two financing. We’re continuing to evaluate various debt financing structures and are having productive conversations with a select number of potential partners. Our focus is on maintaining a disciplined capital structure that supports long-term scalability at Helios. Scaling Helios is just the first step in our vision of building Galaxy’s data center business into a multi-gigawatt, multi-tenant, multi-campus platform. Beyond Helios, we continue to evaluate a robust pipeline of expansion opportunities across a range of possible developments. We’ve evaluated more than 100 campuses across the U.S., including many in Texas, giving our deep familiarity with ERCOT an existing development footprint. At the same time, we are actively exploring additional markets where power availability, permitting timelines, and grid dynamics may offer more attractive paths to accelerate time to power.

We’re seeing tremendous opportunities to scale the business, and we’ll be focused on that growth in a measured and disciplined manner. We’re entering 2026 now from a position of strength. We’ve laid the foundation physically, operationally, and organizationally to transition Helios from construction into an operating campus. The work over the past year has been about preparation and precision. The work ahead is about execution and scale. In starting off 2026 by doubling the approved capacity, power capacity at Helios campus and preparing to power on our first data center development, we expect this year will be a pivotal one as we continue to relentlessly execute on our plans. We are confident in the team, the strategy, and the progress we’ve made, and we’re excited about what 2026 will bring for Helios and for Galaxy. Now, back to the operator for questions. Thank you all.

Conference Operator: Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touchtone phone. If you’re using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the keys. If at any time your question has been addressed and you’d like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. Please note, once your question has been addressed, we will be moving on to the next caller. If you have more than one question, please rejoin the question queue as needed. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster.... Today’s first question comes from Patrick Mulvey with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Yes, good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Mike, maybe to start things off, would love to get your thoughts on everything that’s been going on in Washington around the crypto market structure bill. What are you hearing about the chances that bill passes? Is this a bill that you think is necessary to kind of advance that, you know, transformation of the digital asset plumbing this year? And then as you look at the bill as it sits today, what aspects are you most excited for as it relates to Galaxy’s business? Thanks.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, great question. First, I would say we have spent a lot of time on this. We’ve got a great team in D.C. I have been down myself a bunch and have literally spent more time with senators, both on the left and the right, in the last 8 weeks than I have in my life combined. I guess the top line is I think a deal gets done. If you had to put a percentage on it, I would say it’s 75%-80% right now. And that’s for a bunch of reasons. Both parties feel a necessity to get it done, right? The Republicans kind of took all this crypto money and ran, that they were gonna be the party of crypto and get stuff done, and so they have a tremendous amount of pressure on their side.

And quite frankly, Democrats realized last election cycle that being anti-crypto was a really dumb political strategy. And, you know, the whole party didn’t have enough knowledge about crypto. It was really being driven by a small faction led by Elizabeth Warren, Gary Gensler. You’ve heard that story. But broadly, the moderates in the party now say, "Hey, this should be a bipartisan issue, and we want it off the table politically." And so the politics lines up. I would say, you know, we’re on the putting green between the Republican version and the Democratic version. There have been a couple of really controversial pieces to it. I think there’s agreement now on most of those, the last one being interest on stablecoins. And there was a meeting in D.C. yesterday. Both sides laid out their cases again.

The White House is putting pressure and say, "Guys, you’re gonna come up with a solution yourselves." And I do think the crypto industry, you know, when, when you think about it, the revolutionary, transformative technology would be an interest-bearing stablecoin. That’s not gonna happen. Some version of that and no interest is gonna be the compromise. And so I do think we’ll get to a compromise in the next, you know, 2-6 weeks, and you’ll get a bill passed. It’s important for a lot of reasons. I said earlier, all the trading companies are already working on their transition, right, to where... I mean, listen, Paul Atkins says, "I want every market, you know, on-chain," and you’re seeing a bunch of on-chain activity, both in sandboxes and actually on public chains.

That’s gonna wildly accelerate post the clarity that comes with the clarity bill. And so, you know, DeFi is a space to watch, right? How DeFi impacts the traditional exchanges. I already talked about both Hyperliquid and XYZ and just the explosive growth those things have. There’s a regulatory arm in that. Right? They have less overhead if they have a different regulatory environment. Very similar, quite frankly, to what we’re seeing with prediction markets and traditional gambling and sports betting. And so I do think that’s like the flag, the checkered flag going down. I think there’s a lot of trade fi companies that probably feel short, and so you’ll see a pickup at M&A post that bill passing.

Conference Operator: Thank you. And our next question today comes from Brett Knoblauch, Cantor Fitzgerald. Please go ahead.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital2: Hi, guys. This is Gareth on for Brett. I was just wondering if you could go into kind of the future potential build-out at Helios. So I know you guys recently talked about the incremental 830 MW with ERCOT. We were wondering if throughout that study, you could provide kind of how it went and if there were any glaring constraints. And also, I know you talked about kind of two applications totaling 1.8 GW in process. Maybe if you could kind of touch on if you think that process to go similarly with this incremental 830 you just received.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Sure. I will, yeah, I’ll take the first crack at that. So, you know, we have had between the prior interconnect requests put in from the Helios campus that we purchased from Argo back in 2022, plus some incremental interconnect requests that we’ve accumulated through land acquisitions adjacent to Helios. We’ve had north of 3.5 gigawatts in total, our 800 approved, plus the remaining amounts with ERCOT at various stages of either internal study on our side or study with ERCOT and wait to get done.

The 830 that we received a firm approval for, for ERCOT, was part of actually a larger request that ultimately ERCOT, in looking at where we were in the queue and the current grid capacity at the time, concluded, through various stages of study, that the grid could accept an additional 830 MW today, which is what we got firm approval for. We, as I said in my comments, we currently have various different studies and requests into ERCOT for an incremental 1.8 GW on top of now our 1.6, that is already over 1.6, it’s already approved.

That 1.8 gigawatts of incremental load is now very clearly, which is different than our 830 that we just received, is now very clearly gonna be part of a new set of frameworks that ERCOT has worked out and is still sort of working through, which is this batch processing, where they’re gonna look at various batches of requests, given how large the queue has grown in ERCOT for requests, and sort of look at groups of requests together and in each group, look at what the grid can absorb today, where those requests are coming, what infrastructure upgrades need to be made, and then sort of pro rata part out new approvals in a step-by-step process.

So it’s a little uncertain, the timing on the next incremental load approvals for us or anyone else in the queue is still a little unknown, and we think is gonna take a lot of time for ERCOT to really sort out the process on. You know, from our seat, getting the 830 in one large chunk, fully approved for us before the new batch process is in place, was sort of worth its weight for us, and so we’re very excited about that. I think on a go-forward basis, us and everyone else in the queue are gonna have a number of new processes to go through.

So we’re very focused on now working through and understanding what is important to ERCOT and where those stand in the queue.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Let me just add, you know, given those dynamics, first, a shout-out to our whole mining team, data center team, both here in New York and in Texas, because, you know, in lots of ways, we got in under the line, and that was because we were prepared way ahead, and we were very diligent the whole process, and so couldn’t be more thrilled. You know, it makes that power more valuable. There are not a lot of 830 MW chunks of power available in Texas or the United States. You know, there’s a lot of people building for the future behind the meter, or. So I think, you know, we’ll see how the negotiations go with our next group of tenants, but it leaves me pretty bullish.

Conference Operator: Thank you. Our next question today comes from James Yaro at Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

James Yaro, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Good morning, and thanks for taking the question. Mike, I really appreciate your comments on the crypto backdrop. I just wanted to expand on one element of what you touched on in your prepared remarks. You’ve been through a lot of cycles here. Are we heading into another crypto winter or not? How long until the cycle could begin to recover? And then, you know, you’re a trader, you look for these signals. So what should we be paying attention to, to mark this cycle, either continuing to deteriorate or potentially inflecting?

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, that’s a great question. I mean, listen, it feels pretty chilly right now, given that we were at 100 and... What was the high? 130, and we’re currently, I haven’t seen the market in the last two minutes, you know, $78, $80 or something. You know, look, when you look on the charts, it feels to me we’re kind of a $70-$100 range until we take out $100. There is... Like, the idea that Bitcoin is now a macro asset, I think is solidified, right? There are too many people that have owned it, that have bought into it, that believe in it, that have institutions built around it, and so this is not going away. You are having a supply-demand imbalance.

And, you know, when I think about potential catalyst, you think about this market structure bill and really turning on Wall Street. And I said this before, Wall Street is a selling machine. That’s what Wall Street’s built to do. If it’s mortgages or equities or government bonds, the structure is set up to sell. And as you start putting crypto through the traditional Wall Street selling machine, you’re just gonna see demand pick up from pockets that we haven’t seen yet. And again, that is what has kept, you know, crypto, the two-way price action you’ve seen, because it has been a one-directional move, has been a more broader distribution coming in against big, chunky positions, big whales getting out of their long-held positions. And so, again, I...

My instinct is we’re closer to the bottom of the range than the beginning of a bear market. I think we’ve had a bear market. Could things go lower? Of course, they could. But what I learned about, you know, painfully in three cycles now is, you know, you don’t necessarily have to pick the bottom, but you’ve got a sense of when it turns, and like pornography, you know it when you see it. Right? There will be a catalytic event. And so that’s Judge Lorna Hand for you guys who think I made that quote up. And so, again, like I said, I think we’re closer to the bottom. I’m not sure we’ve reached it yet, but we’ll tell you when we think we have.

Conference Operator: Thank you. And our next question today comes from Devin Ryan with Citizens. Please go ahead.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Great, thank you. Good morning. Question just on kind of market structure clarity. You talked about that, Mike. I mean, as we try to map this out, and we’re getting questions from investors, trying to understand kind of where Galaxy fits in the blur between crypto and kind of TradFi over time. You know, obviously, the large banks are going to need to participate in this world of tokenizing markets, and that’ll probably bring them closer to trading the tokens themselves. On the flip side, you know, it’s a very technical space, so it’s not going to be easy for many of them to just enter.

Curious kind of how you think about Galaxy’s position in that, you know, the moats, and then kind of what role you want to see Galaxy play as we move to a market where more assets are tokenized, and you probably have more of the large banks involved in the same space as you? Thanks.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, it’s a great question. We think about it a ton. I think that a couple areas where we think we need to win and have a right to, to be significant players, one is credit. Right? We’ve got a great credit business, and you’re going to see an on-chain credit world explode, right? There already is an on-chain credit world, and we’re participating, but I think in the next three years, it could be one of the big growth areas for both the market and for Galaxy. You know, one of the complaints in D.C. was, well, if we, you know, allow interest-bearing stablecoins and you get deposit flight, what does it do for credit creation? And I’m like, guys, credit creation is already starting on-chain, and it’s going to explode on-chain.

And so I could see a future, not in the next few years, but in the next ten years, where on your cellphone, you’ve got your bank account, i.e., a stablecoin that pays some kind of interest, and you’ve got your lending account, right? Where you’re picking from a menu of potential places to lend money. And that, that’s already in existence in a in what I’ll call, like, a beta stage in the market, but that’s going to be a big part of it. And the second piece is really infrastructure, right? All of these financial market players, banks, fincos, neobanks, need staking, they need wallet infrastructure, and our infra, infra team is growing. We’re adding to it, and we’re engaged in conversation around how do we help?

And like I said, hopefully, we get some announcements publicly in the next, you know, period of time, but that, that has to be a big business for us, and we’re, we’re really focused on it. Because that—they’re coming. Listen, at one point, you know, JPMorgan will trade Bitcoin derivatives and Bitcoin, and that’s going to make our Bitcoin derivative and Bitcoin business, you know, it’s going to be competition for it, and it’s going to be more difficult. And so we’re hoping the pie expands, but that we’re skating into the edges where those guys aren’t. We use our domain expertise to, to help those players into the market.

Conference Operator: Thank you. Our next question today comes from James Faucette with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

James Faucette, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Thank you so much. Thanks for all the comments this morning. I wanted to follow up on kind of what’s happening beyond just the allocation and approvals of power. I really appreciate the color there, and certainly you guys have done good work. Wondering if you can give more color on how we should be thinking about the engagements with potential tenants and kind of how they’re looking at it. I get the sense that they want to do bigger pieces if they can, particularly the hyperscalers, but just love to hear any more details you can provide around that and how you’re thinking about potential partners, et cetera, and timing.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Sure. Thanks for joining, James, as well. I think you’re right that for us, the major tenant category we are focused on, I’ll call them hyperscalers, but I think that term is actually broadening out a little further as it relates to traditional hyperscalers. Now, what neoclouds are getting larger and larger, maybe the direct model builders themselves, et cetera. Like, that’s the universe of tenant, and perhaps even some equipment manufacturers. That’s the universe of tenant that is out there, who we are talking to and looking at, who are looking for large chunks of power capacity that they can put to work in the billions and billions and billions of dollars and gigawatts of size.

Because this truly is a the new modern space race for control of, who’s going to have the most frontier model and the smartest brain offering to power the sort of the future of automated everything. And so the ambitions have not shrunk at all. In fact, they’ve grown on the tenant client side, and we’ve seen reiterated and elevated CapEx expectations from a lot of companies already sort of supporting that data. For us, we’ve talked over and over again about our decision-making on the first 800 MW to partner with CoreWeave, who themselves, I think, have emerged sort of without debate as a one-of-one partner for...

and most of the large model builders and hyperscalers themselves, as an expert in arranging and automating and running ever more complex, large GPU clusters for those end-to-end clients. For the next 830 megawatts, I think all potential tenants are on the table. We do recognize with extreme clarity that availability of capital and credit on economically attractive terms is paramount to being able to develop a multibillion-dollar data center campus on time, on budget, et cetera. And the credit markets have had a little bit of a tough go in 2025, absorbing the sheer amount of this first wave of capital that’s come into the markets.

And you’ve seen a real divergence, you know, first in non-IG credit, with CoreWeave, although there’s been some letup recently, and I think their continued partnership with NVIDIA and the large investment NVIDIA made helps a lot on that front. But you’ve also seen it creep into IG concerns, initially in 2025 with Oracle. And yet, you know, I think just last night, overnight, after the close, Oracle successfully punched out close to $30 billion of new bonds and preferred equity at pretty attractive rates. And so for us, already having such a large exposure to CoreWeave, means a natural focus on higher credit quality tenants on the go-forward.

And I think that that’s not a comment at all about CoreWeave and their position. I think they would be happy with us working directly with IG tenant counterparties, which also offers them an opportunity to be an orchestration agent and a GPU cluster management partner as well, which we value a lot going forward. So that’s how we’re thinking about the landscape.

Conference Operator: Thank you. Our next question today comes from Martin Toner with ATB Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Martin Toner, Analyst, ATB Capital Markets: Hi, guys. Thank you very much for taking my questions. The last deal we saw, I believe, was from Cipher, was on the best terms we’ve seen yet, and we hadn’t, we haven’t yet got into a stage where each successive HPC deal is on improved terms. The terms have really varied depending on partners and customers. But if data centers in space make sense, then data centers in Texas must make a lot of sense. And so should CoreWeave, sorry, should Galaxy, be driving a harder bargain on new HPC deals?

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Well, I’ll answer this one ’cause, you know, a markets guy, first and foremost. Listen, the market’s gonna dictate. We want strong partners that we have a long-term partnership with, people that feel comfortable working with us and that we feel comfortable working with, and we’re gonna balance that versus the best price. We watch the market like hawks, and certainly, you know, it’s not all apples to apples, and so Chris has this very elaborate spreadsheet with his team, where he tries to make it apples to apples. And, you know, we... Listen, on CoreWeave, we took a risk, the first train, I think it was a great risk that we got paid extra because we took credit risk with CoreWeave, right?

They were at a time of their development, and we were that we thought it was the right bet to make, and I think we’re gonna prove it out to be a winner on that bet. And so we’ll look at, you know, rate plus counterparty and get the best price. You know, there are enough players around the table that there’s a tension. You know, if there was one, it’s a very different story, but... And you don’t need ten.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Yeah. The only thing I’ll add is I think you did rightly point out a dynamic which probably has surprised us a little to the upside, which we’re happy about, which is initial instinct way back when was you know the $ per kilowatt rental per month rental price would start out high and then over time sort of go down and normalize to a market clearing level as bigger and bigger potential clients come in.

But as you pointed out, there isn’t actually a very good downward trend, and in fact, given that there’s a real choke point in available future capacity for electricity at scale, we’ve actually seen base rental prices go up in a lot of cases, and with Cipher as well. And so that’s a dynamic that I think actually plays very favorably to what we were initially underwritten way back when we started this journey.

Conference Operator: Thank you. Our next question today comes from Ed Engel at Compass Point. Please go ahead.

Ed Engel, Analyst, Compass Point: Hi, thanks for taking the question. Just another follow-up on Helios. I guess, if you were to secure a new tenant there, could construction be done concurrently with CoreWeave’s existing build-outs, or do you think you kinda need to complete phases one, two, and three before really starting any new developments? Thanks.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, so there, there’s a couple different dimensions to the answer to that question. So one, the new 830+ MW that were approved require infrastructure build, not just on the Galaxy side, but also on the grid side as well. And so the availability of that power, regardless of, you know, if we could snap our fingers and move mountains ourselves, still can’t, won’t come online until late 2028, at the earliest.

And so, you know, we’re, we will, we will be doing everything we can along the way to parallelize the, you know, the site work and the concrete and the ground clearing and development for all the adjacent land that we’ve acquired over the last few years that allows us to actually execute on this. But the practical reality is, we will be fully developed and delivered on the CoreWeave Helios One side, largely in advance of, you know, the practical ability to come online for the next 830 MW. So we will parallelize, but it will come at like, I’ll call it sort of the back end of the CoreWeave phase one project. Anyway.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yes, we can have multiple tenants.

Conference Operator: ... Thank you. And our next question today comes from Greg Lewis of BTIG. Please go ahead.

Greg Lewis, Analyst, BTIG: Yeah, hey, thank you. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I did want you to kind of talk about, if you could, you know, the step-up in the loan book. You know, I guess kind of curious, you know, so maybe if you could provide any color around maybe what was driving that, you know, how that might have looked if in a recovery in the market. Is it largely with incremental customers? Are we adding any new customers? Any kind of color you’re comfortable sharing around the loan book would be helpful.

Tony, Financial Executive, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, Greg, it’s Tony. Thanks. I’ll, I’ll take that one. I mean, as we mentioned, the loan book grew pretty healthily throughout the course of 2025. We ended the year at, you know, $1.8 billion, a little over $1.8 billion in average, total for Q4. That was up slightly from Q3, and I guess the way to contextualize that is in a market where the underlying asset class was down 24%-25% on average, it tells you that the loan originations and loan quantums were up to offset that value because, you know, these are obviously backed by crypto. There wasn’t a ton of change underneath the surface.

I would say the net interest margins, you know, as we mentioned, I think last quarter, did compress a little bit earlier in the year. They have roughly held steady over the last, you know, kind of period of time. We have continued to grow our client base. The loan originations were up, and overall, you know, we see it as a healthy business. You know, we’ve talked about the collateralization on the book being somewhere, you know, 130% or north of that. That has all been fairly consistent.

So, you know, it can be a fluctuating business as a function of, you know, the underlying market cap for crypto, but I would say our demand in that space is, has remained pretty healthy, which, you know, lends to the point Mike made around our confidence in on-chain credit, you know, continuing to become a more stable and more, you know, visible path forward for the industry.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Yeah. The only other thing I’ll add to what Tony said, being a lender at my core by background is, you know, growing the loan book as a KPI is a real double-edged sword for most companies. Like, giving money away to grow your loan book is actually a pretty easy thing to do. Growing your loan book while maintaining the right overcollateralization and risk weighting so that you don’t lose the money you give away is the most important thing. And so, like, that’s at the core of our DNA from when we started this business. We are very focused on growing the loan book.

We’re very focused on growing the loan book without taking any incremental net risk along the way, because it’s just not worth it at the end of the day. So that’s that has never... We’ve never wavered from that, and that hasn’t changed.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, if, if you guys, if this was on video, you would look at both Tony and Chris’s outfits, and you’d realize that this is a pretty conservative firm.

Conference Operator: Thank you. The next question-

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: I have no comment on Mike’s outfit.

Conference Operator: Thank you. The next question today goes from Joe Vafi with Canaccord. Please go ahead.

Joe Vafi, Analyst, Canaccord: Hey, guys, good morning. Congrats on the new Helios announcement. Just maybe go back to price action here and Bitcoin and some of the other coins real quick. I know, Mike, you know that you had the big OG profit-taking. You know, we’ve heard things about, you know, maybe a little over-leverage in the system. You know, is Bitcoin a risk asset? Is it a store of value? Is it trying to be both? Just, you know, it was a little surprising to see, and I think it was surprising to everyone to see, you know, that price action. You know, maybe just some more color on, you know, where maybe you were seeing selling. Was it broad-based across all these groups or, you know, was it over-leverage?

You know, are OGs really kinda, you know, maybe profit-taking a little more than we thought? Just whatever you might wanna add. Thanks.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: I think the OG profit-taking more than we thought is a real thing. And, you know, I think the psychology is, you know, if you’ve ever been a, like, a speculator, once you start selling, it becomes like a, an idea, a reaction function. Then you sell a little more, you sell a little more, and it is so hard to HODL, to literally hold a position and ride it for a long, long trend. And there were a tremendous amount of kind of religious believers in this concept of HODLing, of holding, you know, and not letting go of your Bitcoin. And somehow that virus or that fever broke, and you started seeing some selling. Quantum has been the big excuse for people. Now, you know, you’re seeing some reaction function from the industry.

I think the industry has been slow to kinda, like, fund the quantum institutes to say: Hey, this is the real, this is the real story, right? The story in layman’s terms, which has always been told to me by the quote "smart guys" who in and around the Bitcoin core developers, is, as we get closer to quantum, we’re gonna get closer to quantum resistance, and you will have the Bitcoin code changed in time. So the risk, of course, to the Bitcoin ecosystem is the developers all get obstinate, and they fight amongst each other, and they don’t... And they nihilistically blow themselves up. I just don’t see that happening, and so I think in the long run, quantum will not be a huge issue for crypto.

It’ll be a big issue for the world, but crypto, Bitcoin especially, will be able to handle it. But that’s been the excuse, and I think that selling has. And listen, we had one customer alone who sold $9 billion worth. And to put that in context, that was one quarter or one-third of all of iBIT’s inflows last year, right? You know, the biggest player in this market. And so these big, chunky positions take a while to work their way through. You know, someone wrote an article, it’s like distributing an IPO. Price usually goes down, then the distribution ends, and it goes back up. And I think that’s the part of the cycle we’re in right now. And I said earlier, I don’t know when the seller’s exhaustion happens.

There is not a lot of leverage in the system anymore. And so Bitcoin, specifically, and crypto in general, always need a new story, a new catalyst, something that happens, and it’s always hard to predict what it’s gonna be, and it shows up, and then all of a sudden, like a wildfire, everyone kinda gets excited again. And I’m blowing smoke on the embers, hoping the wildfire, you know, picks up. You know, it’s not here yet, obviously, by the price action.

Conference Operator: Thank you. And our final question today comes from Chris Brendler at Rosenblatt Securities. Please go ahead.

Chris Brendler, Analyst, Rosenblatt Securities: Hey, thanks. Good morning, and thanks for squeezing me in. I’m actually gonna ask two quick ones, if that’s okay. The first one is on the new 830 megawatts of power. Does the timeline of late 2028, early 2029, you know, sort of slow the pace of current negotiations? Like, is this something that could take place, you know, over the course of a year, or do you expect it to be shorter than that, just given the voracious demand out there for power? And the second question I wanted to ask was, on Galaxy One, the 8% yield that that product is offering, is that in any way at risk from the Clarity Act and the compromise on stablecoin rewards? Thanks.

Chris, Data Center Executive, Galaxy Digital: Sure. I’ll, I’ll, I’ll take the first one, at least. On the, on the 830 MW, if, if the neg- the negotiations with the tenant goes a year, I’ll be somewhere between fired and/or, and/or tied up in a closet by Mike, I think. The, the... We, we, we do have a lot of time, and I- and we wanna be prudent and thoughtful about who our, our next partner or partners, will be and the economics associ-associated with that, with that. That being said, it is, it is clear that, all the market participants, have the capital available today and are in a race to secure future capacity.

The timelines that we were originally looking at when we started with Helios and people looking at, you know, very focused on, well, 2026 and 2027 power, have very quickly moved to 2028, 2029, 2030 power in terms of, all the major players looking to lock that up for themselves. And so, you know, we’re gonna balance that very strong, voracious demand that we see with a little bit of prudence in making sure we make the right decision. But I think we’re in no ways looking to watch the market for the next year or couple of years to see how it develops in terms of partnering.

In particular, because the reality is, 2028, 2029 power, given the lead times for the large electrical infrastructure that need to get built, you know, those, those lead times today sort of push you up into, into early 2028 at a minimum anyway. And so you gotta pick your partner quick, you gotta make your decisions on what you’re gonna do, and you gotta start locking up supply chain so that you can actually deliver that far out. And so that, that’s how we’re thinking about prosecuting that opportunity. On the, on the Galaxy One side, I’ll, I’ll pitch it to Tony, and I’ll kick in if I can be helpful.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Yeah, Chris, so the short answer is... You’re talking about the premium yield, 8%, that we’re offering on the Galaxy One platform right now. Short answer is no, that is not at risk from the Clarity Act, at least as our understanding, the way that anything in the Clarity Act is proposed. That is a... It’s an offering that is available to accredited investors only. We have, you know, certain customer limits and a total portfolio limit on how much we’re offering there. But it is really in the interest of, you know, growing our overall, you know, client, you know, base as that business gets off the ground.

That rate is obviously subject to change with, you know, a period of notice, and that’ll be driven by sort of broad supply and demand. But we also think about it more generally as diversifying our funding sources for the markets business more broadly, obviously within a box of, you know, disciplined asset liability management. But it’s not. It’s a rate that we control, and it’s not subject to the Clarity Act at all. Hopefully, that answers your question.

Conference Operator: Thank you. That concludes the question and answer session. I’d like to turn the conference back over to Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, for any closing remarks.

Mike Novogratz, Founder and CEO, Galaxy Digital: Guys, thanks a lot. We appreciate all the insightful questions and your support. I just want you all to know that we are, we’re working our tails off here, and, you know, our eye is certainly on the prize. And so hopefully come back next quarter with better numbers and a better story. Have a great day.

Conference Operator: Thank you, sir. This concludes today’s conference call. We thank you all for attending today’s presentation. You may now disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.