Encore Capital Group Q1 2026 Earnings Call - Record Collections and Raised Guidance Signal a Strong Credit Cycle

Operator: Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Encore Capital Group’s first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker’s presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today’s conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Bruce Thomas, Vice President of Global Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Bruce Thomas, Vice President of Global Investor Relations, Encore Capital Group: Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, and welcome to Encore Capital Group’s first quarter 2026 earnings call. Joining me on the call today are Ashish Masih, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Tomas Hernanz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Ryan Bell, President of Midland Credit Management. Ashish and Tomas will make prepared remarks today, and then we’ll be happy to take your questions. Unless otherwise noted, comparisons on this conference call will be made between the first quarter of 2026 and the first quarter of 2025. In addition, today’s discussion will include forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations and assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from our expectations. Please refer to our SEC filings for a detailed discussion of potential risks and uncertainties. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

During this call, we will use rounding and abbreviations for the sake of brevity. We will also be discussing non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are included in our investor presentation, which is available on the investors section of our website. As a reminder, following the conclusion of this conference call, a replay along with our prepared remarks will also be available on the investors section of our website. With that, let me turn the call over to Ashish Masih, our President and Chief Executive Officer.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thanks, Bruce, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us. Encore delivered another strong performance in the first quarter as our industry leadership and operational execution are on full display. Our business continues to thrive with solid first quarter portfolio purchases of $363 million and record collections of $718 million, which are up 19% compared to a year ago. Average receivable portfolios increased 14% to $4.4 billion. Our record collections performance helped earnings increase sharply with net income in the first quarter of $86 million and earnings per share of $3.86. Our leverage improved to 2.3x at the end of Q1 compared to 2.6x a year ago, even with continued significant portfolio purchases in the first quarter.

Encore’s strong operating and financial results are primarily driven by the exceptional performance of our MCM business in the U.S. across all dimensions of purchasing, collections, and efficiency. I will provide more details on MCM’s results later in the presentation. Before I continue, I believe it’s helpful to remind investors of the critical role we play in the consumer credit ecosystem by assisting in the resolution of unpaid debts. These unpaid debts are an expected outcome of the lending business model. Our mission is to create pathways to economic freedom for the consumers we serve by helping them resolve their past due debts. We achieve this by engaging consumers in honest, empathetic, and respectful conversations. We pursue our business objectives through a three-pillar strategy of participating in the largest and most valuable markets, developing and sustaining a competitive advantage in these markets, and maintaining a strong balance sheet.

We employ a strategy across our two main businesses, Midland Credit Management or MCM in the U.S. and Cabot Credit Management in select European markets. We believe value is created in the consumer debt buying industry through optimal execution of three critical drivers, buying, collecting, and funding. When these drivers are executed well within attractive markets, leveraging the resources we possess and our strong balance sheet, we believe they enable high, consistent returns and profitability. The cycle begins with a commitment to purchase portfolios of charged-off receivables at attractive returns, which is the buy well component of our value engine. Our disciplined portfolio purchasing is underpinned by superior data and analytics capabilities, which when applied to our very large datasets stemming from our scale and history, optimize portfolio valuation through account-level underwriting.

As a result, we win more portfolios at strong returns enabled by our superior collections as reflected in our industry-leading portfolio yield and collections yield. The cycle continues with our commitment to collect efficiently, maximizing net collections to realize strong yields. Our operational excellence, advanced analytics, and our consumer-centric approach produce industry-leading yields while still exhibiting a solid cash efficiency margin. As a result, our very effective personalized engagement with consumers leads to payments with predictable, consistent cash flow. This cash flow helps to complete the cycle as it contributes to our commitment to fund competitively based on low-cost funding and strong balance sheet. Importantly, our balance sheet strength enables access to capital at competitive costs through the credit cycle. In summary, Encore’s value engine is the critical enabler of our competitive advantage that allows us to execute a proven three-pillar strategy to drive shareholder value.

I would now like to highlight Encore’s first quarter performance in terms of several key metrics, starting with portfolio purchasing. Encore’s global portfolio purchases for the first quarter were $363 million. As a result of the attractive market conditions and higher returns available in the United States, 87% of our portfolio purchasing dollars was spent in the U.S. during the first quarter. Global collections in Q1 were up 19% to a record $718 million. This exceptional collections performance is a result of strong execution and continued significant portfolio purchasing, as well as the deployment of new technologies, enhanced digital capabilities, and continued operational innovation, especially in the U.S. Our global collections performance in the first quarter compared to our ERC at the end of 2025 was 106%.

We believe that our ability to generate significant cash provides us with an important competitive advantage, which is also a key component of our three-pillar strategy. Similar to the collections dynamic I mentioned earlier, strong execution, higher portfolio purchases at strong returns over the past few years as well as operational improvements have also led to meaningful growth in cash generation. Our cash generation in the first quarter was up 21% compared to Q1 last year, and we expect it to continue to grow. Let’s now take a look at our two largest markets, beginning with the U.S. The U.S. Federal Reserve reports that revolving credit in the U.S. remains near record levels.

At the same time, since bottoming out in late 2021, the credit card charge-off rate in the U.S. increased to its highest level in more than 10 years in 2024 and still remains at an elevated level. The combination of strong lending and elevated charge-off rates continues to drive robust portfolio supply in the U.S. Let me illustrate this impact by highlighting the annualized amount of net dollar charge-offs, which can be estimated by multiplying the revolving credit outstandings by the net charge-off rate. Using Q4 2025 data, the most recent quarter reported by the U.S. Federal Reserve, annualized net charge-off volume was more than $54 billion. Similarly, U.S. consumer credit card delinquencies, which are a leading indicator of future charge-offs, also remain near multiyear highs.

With revolving consumer credit at an elevated level and charge-off rate above 4%, purchasing conditions in the U.S. market remain favorable. We are observing continued strong U.S. market supply and favorable pricing as well. First quarter delinquency data supports our expectation that the portfolio purchasing environment in the U.S. is expected to remain robust for the foreseeable future. MCM continues to capture significant portions of this U.S. market supply opportunity. MCM portfolio purchases in the first quarter were $316 million, one of our strongest portfolio purchasing quarters ever. In addition to its solid portfolio purchases in Q1, our MCM business continues to excel operationally. MCM collections increased to a record $556 million, which was an increase of 23% compared to Q1 last year.

The collections overperformance in the U.S. was driven by the deployment of new technologies, enhanced digital capabilities, and continued operational innovation, which enabled us to reach more consumers, leading to more payments as well as a large and growing payer book. These initiatives had a greater impact on the early stages of a portfolio’s life cycle, leading to overperformance of our recent vintages. We expect that our collections forecasts will gradually adjust to reflect the positive impact of these initiatives. Our outstanding results reflect a substantial portfolio purchasing over the last few years at strong returns as well as improvements we made in our collections operation. Despite some of the negative news and macro uncertainty in the U.S., our consumers’ payment behavior remains stable. This is in line with what many of the banks and credit card issuers are saying in the recent earnings calls.

We, of course, continue to monitor for any signs of change. Turning to our business in Europe, Cabot delivered another quarter of solid performance in Q1. Cabot’s portfolio purchases of $47 million in the first quarter were consistent with Cabot’s recent historical trend. We continue to be selective with Cabot’s deployments as the U.K. market remains impacted by subdued consumer lending and low delinquencies, as well as continued robust competition. Cabot collections in the first quarter were $161 million, up 7% compared to Q1 last year, supported by currency tailwinds. We continue to focus on Cabot’s operational excellence and cost management, including leveraging relevant best practices from our MCM business. This is particularly relevant in the U.K., where banks are increasingly selling fresh portfolios in forward flows. Our operational focus and initiatives within the Cabot business continue to drive cash efficiency margin improvement.

I’d now like to hand the call over to Tomas for a more detailed look at our financial results.

Tomas Hernanz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thank you, Ashish. Moving to the financial results slide. In the first quarter, we delivered a strong growth in collections and portfolio revenue of 19% and 13%, respectively. A strong collections performance was supported by the high levels of U.S. portfolio purchases in recent quarters, our focus on execution, operational improvements, and a stable consumer behavior. Collection yield was 65.2% in Q1, an improvement of 2.6 percentage points compared to last year. Portfolio revenue increased by 13% to $390 million, supported by 14% growth in average receivable portfolios and a portfolio yield of 35.4%. As a reminder, changes in recoveries is the sum of 2 numbers.

First, recoveries above or below forecast is the amount we collected above or below our ERC expectation for the quarter and is also known as cash overs or cash unders. Second, changes in expected future recoveries is the net present value of changes in the ERC forecast beyond the current quarter. Changes in recoveries were $62.7 million for the quarter. Of that total, the majority, $46 million, were recoveries above forecast. Changes in expected future recoveries were $16.7 million. Put differently, we collected $46 million more than we forecasted in our ERC, which is incremental cash flow. The collections of our performance in the U.S. was driven by the deployment of new technologies, enhanced digital capabilities, and continued operational innovation, which enable us to reach more consumers, leading to more payments as well as a large and growing payer book.

These initiatives are having a greater impact on the early stages of our portfolio life cycle, leading to overperformance of our recent vintages. We expect that our collection forecast will continue to gradually adjust to reflect the positive impact of these initiatives. Over the next few quarters, we expect any future cash flows to transition eventually into portfolio revenues. Changes in expected future recoveries in Q1 were $16.7 million, a reflection that this transition is taking place. Debt purchasing revenue increased by 23.5% to $453 million. The resulting debt purchasing yield was 41.1%. Approximately 5.7% was the impact of changes in recoveries. Servicing and other revenues were $23 million, bringing total revenues to $475 million, reflecting growth of 21%.

Operating expenses increased only 11% to $281 million compared to 19% growth in collections, reflecting significant operating leverage in the business. Cash efficiency margin for the quarter improved by 2.6 percentage points to 16.9% compared to 58.3% in Q1 last year. We continue to expect cash efficiency margin for the full year to exceed 58% in 2026. Interest expense and other income increased by 5% to $72 million, reflecting higher debt balances. Our tax provision of $25 million implies a corporate tax rate of approximately 23%, which is in line with our previous guidance.

Finally, net income increased by 84% to $86 million, resulting in earnings per share for the quarter of $3.86, up 100% compared to $1.93 in Q1 last year. We believe our balance sheet provide us with very competitive funding costs and access to capital when compared to our peers. Our funding structure also provides us financial flexibility and diversified funding sources to compete effectively in this favorable supply environment. Leverage closed at 2.3x or 0.3x improvement versus last year and lower than a quarter ago. In March, we extended the maturity date of our Cabot securitization facility by 1 year to January 2031, and we have no material maturities on deal 2028 and ample liquidity to continue to grow our business well into the future.

With that, I would like to turn it back to over to Ashish.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thanks, Tomas. I would like to remind everyone of our key financial objectives and priorities. Maintaining a strong and flexible balance sheet, including a strong BB debt rating, as well as operating within our target leverage range of 2 to 3 times remain critical objectives. With regard to our capital allocation priorities, buying portfolios, particularly in today’s attractive U.S. market, offers the best opportunity to create long-term shareholder value by deploying capital at attractive returns. This is indeed what we are doing as highlighted by a track record of purchasing receivable portfolios at strong returns. Next on our capital allocation priority list are share repurchases. We repurchased approximately $20 million of Encore shares in the first quarter. Finally, we remain committed to delivering strong return on invested capital throughout the credit cycle.

Our ROIC improved to 14.6% in the first quarter on a trailing 12-month basis, up from 8.3% in Q1 last year. In summary, Encore’s first quarter results are an indication that we are off to a very strong start in 2026. I’m truly excited about how Encore is performing and about our future prospects. To begin, through our MCM business in the U.S., we are the largest debt buyer in the largest and the most valuable consumer credit market in the world. The U.S. market continues to be very favorable, driven by growth in consumer lending and charge-off rates that are at the highest level in 10 years. Within this environment, we are leveraging our scale and extremely effective collections operation to purchase record amounts of portfolio in the U.S. at strong returns.

In Europe, Cabot is delivering stable collections performance and remains focused on operational excellence and cost management. We continue to selectively purchase portfolios amid modestly growing market supply conditions. Finally, we have adequate liquidity to continue to grow the business as a strong, flexible balance sheet provides us the capacity to capitalize on any opportunities that come up in the market. This competitive advantage only grows as we continue to reduce our leverage. As a result of this continuing strong performance and the business momentum we carried into the second quarter, we are providing the following guidance on key metrics. We continue to anticipate global portfolio purchases in 2026 to be within a range from $1.4 billion-$1.5 billion.

We are raising our collections guidance and now expect global collections in 2026 to increase by 8% to $2.8 billion. In addition, after a strong start to 2026 in the first quarter, in which productivity enhancements and strong execution across the business contributed to significant earnings power, we expect our EPS in 2026 to increase by 19% to $13 per share. We continue to expect the combination of interest expense and other income to be approximately $300 million for the year. We also continue to expect our effective tax rate for the year to be in the mid-20s on a percentage basis. Now we’d be happy to answer any questions that you may have. Operator, please open up the lines for questions.

Operator: Our first question comes from David Scharf with Citizens Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

David Scharf, Analyst, Citizens Capital Markets: Hi, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. I guess to start off with, Ashish, you know, I’ve been kind of asking the same boring question of you the last few quarters, but I’ll ask it again. That is, you know, as we digest your kind of prepared remarks about the purchasing and collection environments both here and abroad, is there anything that you would call out as being notably new versus the calls from 3 and 6 months ago? Recognizing that an answer of no is actually very positive, given kind of the groove the company is in.

You know, whether it’s externally in the purchasing or collection environments here or abroad or internally in terms of initiatives or investments, is there anything that we should take away as being incremental, or is it more we’re just in the kinda early stages of a long runway of an attractive, kinda macro backdrop?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Hi, David. It may be a boring question, it is a very pertinent one. The short answer is no. Things are very similar in our U.S. market in terms of total outstandings and charge off rate, which leads to supply and competition level and pricing is stable, returns are strong. Particularly given our strong collections, we are able to deliver even stronger returns than our competition, if you would. In Europe, pretty stable as well. Supply is not growing, competition level is a little bit higher than U.S. We are staying disciplined there and allocating our capital.

In terms of the other macro question perhaps you had in mind, the consumer behavior as well remains very stable in terms of new payer generation, for example, converting new accounts, newly purchased accounts to payers or the payment plan behavior. It is very consistent with the prior quarters and what we are also hearing from banks and credit card issuers’ earnings calls in this quarter that the consumer remains very resilient despite some of the pressures they may be feeling, for example, on gas prices and whatnot.

David Scharf, Analyst, Citizens Capital Markets: Got it. That’s helpful and consistent with what every lender’s been saying this reporting season. Maybe just my follow-up question. You know, haven’t really talked a lot about AI, and it’s a topic that’s been coming up more frequently on these earnings calls. I guess my question is, are there unique regulatory issues we ought to be paying attention to as it relates to maybe the pace of investments in AI by a collection company? Obviously, call center-centric businesses have kind of been front and center talking about, you know, the advantages of enhanced automation and potential returns. Obviously, the collection industry is much more heavily regulated than a lot of other sort of customer service business, call center-centric businesses.

Can you just maybe talk a little broadly about how you’re viewing AI from the standpoint of where to invest, where to just kinda maybe wait and see what regulators, you know, are thinking about, and how we ought to think about whether this is a business that could become potentially less labor-intensive somewhere down the road?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Great question, David Scharf. Let me touch on a couple of things on this. As a bigger question, we’ve been leveraging technology for years and increasing its use in our digital and omni-channel. For example, over 50% of our new payments take place digitally. We’ve been using technology, and now AI is another level of that technology that’s coming in. In some cases, vendors are incorporating AI or AI-like approaches or technology into their tools, which we are using. In other cases, we are actively piloting some of the new technologies to see kind of what business results we get and so forth. We are actively thinking about and doing things. Over time, given our scale and focus on technology, we are very confident we will leverage AI kind of as it becomes more meaningful.

That said, I think you also raised another question early on, a point. Our calls are very complex. It requires empathy in dealing with consumers. So tools there, while there are a lot of voice-oriented tools, they are not quite ready to deal with that as well as as we can do with our account managers. There are some regulatory nuances able to use this artificial voice, for example, in collection calls and all that one has to be mindful of. Obviously, there’s a broader backdrop of AI and financial services, which we are very mindful of as we work with our bank partners as well and what they are subject to. We, we want to be fully aware of that.

I would say the last thing is, you mentioned voice as important in collection industry. It is important, but it is not the only thing, at least from a debt buyer perspective. Voice is one element of it. There’s complicated legal process, for example. There you need large datasets and other things where some AI can be used, some cannot be. While voice can seem the most intriguing part of technology that can impact collections, it is not the only thing. There’s a lot of elements that go into our success and to win in this industry. We do have a higher bar-- regulatory bar being in this industry. We just are very mindful of that fact as well.

We treading in a careful way, but we will be fully leveraging the capabilities when they become mature and kind of available for that.

David Scharf, Analyst, Citizens Capital Markets: Got it. understood. Appreciate the color. Thank you.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Hughes with Truist. Please go ahead.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Thanks. Good afternoon.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Hi, Mark.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Ashish, did I hear you say you think overall supply is increasing? You definitely gave the big numbers for the outstanding balances and the elevated charge-off rates. From your perspective, supply is continuing to go up?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: I would say it’s pretty stable. Now there are two drivers, right? Lending and spending is pretty strong from consumers. Lending there might be seasonal things here and there, but in general, if you look at the trend, it’s up, and charge-off rate is at a 10-year high. It is still at a pretty normal level, little over 4%. I would say total supply is stable, although some fintech sellers have come to market over the last two to three years, there’s some new sellers in there that are pretty regular sellers. Maybe marginally higher, but a very stable, good market in terms of our ability to purchase at strong returns.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: The, I think it’s probably in the queue. I have not had the opportunity to look at it. The collections multiple for the U.S. 2026 paper, how does that look and compared to last year?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Yeah, that’s a good question, Mark. Collections multiple for Q1 2026 vintage has started at 2.4. I would highlight, given you mentioned that, kind of how we’ve been performing better in the early stages of our collections life cycle, which as I’ve said before, has led to 24 and 25 vintages doing really well compared to forecast. 24 multiples started at 2.3, is 2.4 now. 24 multiples started a couple of years ago at 2.3, became 2.4, and is now at 2.5.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Very good. Your outlook for purchasing, seems like under the circumstances, perhaps you could do better. Is that just a prudential judgment that the share buybacks are maybe a better use of capital or equivalent use of capital?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: I want to make sure I understood your question. In terms of portfolio purchasing, we are staying with our guidance of $1.4 billion-$1.5 billion. Now as you get better multiples, you’re actually getting more ERC for that. Keep in mind, dollars deployed is one element of kind of earnings power or collections power. Number 1 priority is portfolio purchases, as I’ve been very clear in our priority. Given our leverage is in this lower half of our range, we have been repurchasing shares and it’s always subject to other conditions. Balance sheet strength, ability to generate cash, kind of the market conditions, as I’ve said many times. If you took all of that into consideration, we are repurchasing our shares, and we bought $20 million of that in Q1.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Does that feel like a good run rate, the $20 million per quarter?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: That’s what we did in Q1. We are in the kind of midpoint of that lower half of leverage range. We have not guided on that number. Again, it’s subject to multiple other conditions. Number one priority, again, is portfolio purchasing. We feel good about how we’re generating cash and the share repurchases we were able to do in Q1. I would leave it at that.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: In the guidance for the cash efficiency margin, did I hear correctly? I think last quarter you talked about to exceed 58%. Was that the same guidance as of this quarter?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Yeah, I’ll jump in, but Tomas here is probably gonna chime in on that. Yes, we are staying with that general guidance, although we did better in Q1. Now, Q1 can be, because of seasonality and all, at times higher, but we do expect to keep improving kind of compared to the 58% historical 1. Tomas, any other color?

Tomas Hernanz, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Encore Capital Group: Yeah. I think what we said was we’re gonna do better than 25%. We did just shy of 58%. We deliver in Q1, 60.9% which was a very good print. The cost behave very well in the quarter. We feel pretty comfortable with margins and cost in 2026.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Very good. Thank you very much.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thank you.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question comes from Mike Grondahl with Northland Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Logan, Analyst (on behalf of Mike Grondahl), Northland Capital Markets: Hey, this is Logan on for Mike. Thanks for taking our question. First, can you give some additional color on what drove the collection strength in the quarter, also an update on how the 2024 and 2025 vintages are performing? Thanks.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Yeah, Logan. So overall collections growth in the quarter is driven by strong purchasing that’s been going on for multiple quarters at strong multiples. As well as I’ve highlighted many times, the improvements we are doing, particularly in our MCM line of business, is driving a lot of that growth because it’s impacting the early stages of our portfolio life cycle. As we said a couple of quarters now, that impacts the vintages of 24 and 25, and they’re very large vintages in terms of deployments. That’s why you see very meaningful increases. Now, all of that MCM performance is also complemented by very stable Cabot Collections performance. When you add the whole picture up, purchasing and good collections execution as well as improvement in the early stage is driving the growth in collections.

Now to your other question on the vintages. Those vintages are the ones that I just said. Early stage improvements have been higher. 2024 vintage moved from 2.3 multiple to 2.5. 2025 vintage moved from 2.3 multiple to 2.4. We’re starting out 2026 vintage at 2.4. Feeling really good about the 2024 and 2025 vintages and how they’ve been performing and starting out strong in 2026.

Logan, Analyst (on behalf of Mike Grondahl), Northland Capital Markets: Great. Thank you. That’s very helpful then. One more. Is there anything to call out on the U.S. purchasing environment so far in 2Q or just some additional insight there? Thanks.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: No additional insight, Logan. I would say as the other question asked, it’s been very stable, but strong supply, good returns. Returns are partially driven by not just good stable pricing, but our collection ability. I just want to highlight that. We are able to buy the portfolios we want and performing well with those as well. No, no change in Q2 compared to Q1 numbers that we just put out there.

Logan, Analyst (on behalf of Mike Grondahl), Northland Capital Markets: Appreciate the color. Congrats on the quarter.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thanks.

Operator: Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, you’ll need to press star one one on your telephone. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Robert Dodd with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Hi, guys. Congrats on another really excellent quarter. Looking, going, digging in a little bit, as you said, right, the 2024s and the 2025s have continued to outperform. Overall cash collections, $46 million above curves and 106% collections versus ERC just from the end of the year. Can you give us any more color on, like, what’s the drive? I mean, the 2024 was outperforming last year, and that was kind of factoring into the expectations for the 2025s. I mean, is the outperformance now being the 2025s taking over for the 2024s? I mean, the 2024s may be still continuing to outperform, but they’re smaller now.

I mean, any, you know, relatively speaking, any additional color on, like, is this or is it still that $46 million, for example, is that predominantly coming from the 2024s and that’s just a spectacular vintage? Or any color on how that’s shaping?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Yes. It’s still coming from those vintages in terms of the overperformance. 24 is still doing very strong. It continues to perform well. The 24 vintage had kind of the changes in recoveries of about $15 million and $24 million for the 25 vintage. As you can see, they both continue to perform well. They’re still in the early stages. As we have said in the past, it takes some time for our actual performance-

-of history to get into the forecast, and it will. By the way, this quarter, in addition to this performance of our forecast, we also had changes in expected future recoveries of about $16.7 million.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Yeah

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: the mix was not 95 5, but 70 30, if you would. That’s kind of is 1, proof of how that transition will happen over time. Over time, when that happens, it’s gonna increase the basis as well on those vintages, and they’ll see higher portfolio revenue as those things add up. Still similar good performance from those 2 vintages. By the way, dollar amounts seem large because those were very large-

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Yeah.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: purchased vintages as well, so.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Yeah, yeah. Understood. Understood. Thank you. Just to flip back to kind of David’s question on the AI issue. I mean, to your point, maybe it’s not quite ready versus a human account manager for some of the voice calls versus into some other things. How has it been incorporated in any meaningful manner in pricing models in terms of maybe curve modifications or initial pricing? Because obviously, you know, there is very good supply. You are buying a ton, and the multiples look really good.

I mean, is that just same old, kind of processes or, a new technology has been incorporated into that component of the business as well?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: It’s been over time, and machine learning models and AI kind of modeling techniques we’ve been incorporating over time. Machine learning algorithms have been there for a while.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Yeah

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: They’re kind of in the AI family. As new tools are available that leverage more of that, we are testing some of those. Some are doing fine, some not so, but it’s part of our test-and-learn continuous improvement culture that we have. They keep getting incorporated, new techniques into our modeling. Years ago, it was the cloud and how data got into it and how you could get more efficient and get better modeling and then machine learning. Now a bit more self-learning kind of tools that we test and look at, but nothing that’s going to suddenly change kind of how we, how we get the modeling and valuation done for our pricing. It’s been a constant evolution, and we expect to continue to improve on that.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: I appreciate that. One more if I can. On all these things, right, I mean, the new technologies in the U.S., et cetera, these are all paying off, right? You know, they’re clearly. I think the efficiency’s up, you know, et cetera, et cetera. What I think qualitatively rather than quantitatively, I mean, how much at some point, yeah, I would presume you’re gonna hit the flatter part of the diminishing return curve on all the technological processes you can introduce rather than modify. I mean, how close is that in terms of, you know, you’ve done a lot of work. Is it all predominantly done and it’s now fine-tuning, or are there still significant steps that you can take?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: This is a constant kind of improvement journey. I’m not gonna predict or bet on kind of how and when technology starts providing diminishing returns kind of in broadly in financial services. Over time, we’ve leveraged things like automation from a cost point of view or cycle times and accuracy point of view to now what we’re seeing is, as I answered last quarter, technology is driving collections improvements much more, especially in the early stage. We start these things with a multi-year roadmap, if you would, and I implement and phases of implementing these. Every year, the roadmap keeps getting enhanced and refined with new tools and techniques come. As I said last quarter, I think our head count from 2023, 2024 to 2025 was flat around 7,300, 7,400.

The collections went up in those 3 years by 39%, I think. I’m going by memory. There’s a lot of improvement possible still from efficiency. As I also said, it’s the collection side that we are also starting to see big gains. I think there’s a lot of runway left on both sides of P&L in this journey.

Robert Dodd, Analyst, Raymond James: Got it. Thank you.

Operator: Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Hughes with Truist. Please go ahead.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Yeah, thank you. The collections multiple on the Cabot paper in Q1, what was that?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: In Q1, the collections multiple was 2.2.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: 2.2. Any comment on tax season? Did you see the tax season with a meaningful benefit?

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: It’s been a typical tax season, as I would say. Always there’s a benefit in Q1 and maybe early part of Q2 from tax season, depending on the timing. It’s been similar. There are some reports on a little bit higher refunds, but depending on which part of this population they go to, it’s generally been as expected.

Mark Hughes, Analyst, Truist: Okay. Thank you very much.

Operator: Thank you. I’m showing no further questions at this time. I’d now like to turn it back to Mr. Masih for closing remarks.

Ashish Masih, President and Chief Executive Officer, Encore Capital Group: Thanks for taking the time to join us today, and we look forward to providing our second quarter 2026 results in August.

Operator: Thank you for your participation in today’s conference. This concludes the program. You may now disconnect.