Alto Ingredients Q4 2025 Earnings Call - Strategic realignment lifts margins, CO2 and 45Z tailwinds

Operator: Good day, welcome to the Alto Ingredients fourth quarter and year-end 2025 financial results conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by 0. After today’s presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star then 1 on your touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star then 2. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Ms. Harriet Fried of Alliance Advisors. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, thank you all for joining us today for the Alto Ingredients fourth quarter and year-end 2025 results conference call. On the call today are President and CEO Bryon McGregor and CFO Rob Olander. Alto Ingredients issued a press release after the market closed today, providing details of the company’s financial results for the fourth quarter of 2025. The company also prepared a presentation for today’s call that is available on its website at altoingredients.com. A webcast and a webcast replay will be available on the Alto Ingredients website. Please note that the information on this call speaks only as of today, March fourth. You’re advised that time-sensitive information may no longer be accurate at the time of any replay.

Please refer to the company’s safe harbor statement in the slide deck posted to the company’s website, which states that some of the comments in this presentation constitute forward-looking statements and considerations that involve risks and uncertainties. The actual future results of Alto Ingredients could differ materially from those statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, events, risks, and other factors previously and from time to time disclosed in Alto Ingredients filings with the SEC. Except as required by applicable law, the company assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement. In management’s prepared remarks, non-GAAP measures will be referenced. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to monitor the financial performance of operations and believes these measures will assist investors in assessing the company’s performance for the periods reported.

The company defines adjusted EBITDA as unaudited consolidated net income or loss before interest expense, interest income, provision or benefit for income taxes, asset impairments, unrealized derivative gains and losses, excess insurance proceeds, acquisition-related expense or recoveries, and depreciation and amortization expense. To support the company’s review of non-GAAP information, a reconciling table has been included in today’s release. On today’s call, Bryon will provide a review of the company’s strategic plan and activities. Rob will comment on its financial results. Bryon will wrap up and open the call for Q&A. It’s now my pleasure to introduce Bryon McGregor. Bryon, go ahead please.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you, Harriet. Thank you all for joining us today. I’ll begin with a quick review of our fourth quarter results and achievements, after which I’ll turn the call over to Rob for more details on our numbers. After that, I’ll give you an overview of our major initiatives for 2026 and the opportunities we’re seeing in our markets. We’ll then open the call for Q&A. The fourth quarter capped a year of strong execution, and it was a pivotal milestone in our strategic realignment. Entering the year, we made tactical decisions to focus on opportunities that were within our control to maximize earnings. We adjusted staffing to align with our current organizational footprint, captured cost savings, invested in the throughput and efficiency of our plants, culled underperforming business activities in our marketing and distribution segment, and maintained operational disciplines in support of our diversification efforts.

Earnings for the fourth quarter were $21 million, a $63 million improvement compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. For the full year 2025, earnings were $12 million, a $72 million improvement. Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $28 million, a $36 million positive swing from last year. For 2025, adjusted EBITDA grew to $45 million, a $53 million improvement compared to 2024. Increased crush margins, qualified 45Z credits, and strong renewable fuel export sales were major contributors to improved performance for both the quarter and the full year. Our Carbonic acquisition in early 2025 is a perfect example of our focused strategy. This acquisition and the resultant diversification into liquid CO2 improved the profitability of our Columbia ethanol plant.

Alto Carbonic also contributed positively to the profitability in our Western segment for both the fourth quarter and for all of 2025. We made significant progress in determining the amount of 45Z transferable tax credits for 2025 and associated incremental earnings. We expect to qualify approximately 90 million gallons of combined production on an annual basis for 45Z credits at our Columbia and our Pekin dry mill facilities. In the fourth quarter, we recorded for the full year $7.5 million in 45Z credit earnings or $0.10 per gallon net of estimated monetization costs. For 2026, with the removal of the indirect land use change or ILUC from the GREET model, we expect to qualify for $0.20 per gallon at our Columbia and Pekin dry mill facilities and to generate approximately $15 million in net proceeds.

We continue to pursue opportunities to lower our carbon scores further. The Pekin wet mill and ICP do not currently qualify for these credits, but are advantaged to serve a variety of domestic and export markets, which are predominantly sold at a premium to ethanol. With respect to our Western asset optimization and monetization plan, as I mentioned at last quarter’s call, current market conditions, including operational improvements, together with the positive impact of our Alto Carbonic acquisition, have materially changed the calculus for simply selling the facilities. Given Columbia’s improved profitability, we are no longer actively marketing the asset. We continue, however, to evaluate all options for our Magic Valley facility, including selling the plant, as well as restarting and capturing 45Z credits and monetizing the valuable CO2 the facility would produce.

In summary, we are pleased with our Q4 and full year results that demonstrate the successful execution of our strategic realignment. I’ll now turn the call over to Rob for a more detailed review of our financial performance. Rob?

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you, Brian. Thank you. First, I’d like to review the financial results for the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Net sales were $232 million, $4 million lower than in the prior year. This reflects a reduction in volume sold of 10.6 million gallons, primarily due to our decision to idle our Magic Valley facility at the end of 2024. On a consolidated basis, the average sales price per gallon increased to $2.10 from $1.88 per gallon, partially offsetting the reduction in volume sold. Gross profit for Q4 2025 was $15.2 million, a significant increase of $16.6 million compared to Q4 2024’s gross loss of $1.4 million.

The significant improvement in gross profit was due to the following drivers. Stronger market crush margin of $0.23 per gallon in Q4 2025 compared to $0.08 per gallon in 2024 accounted for approximately $8 million. An increase in renewable fuel export sales at premiums to domestic sales contributed $5 million on a higher volume and higher average sales price per gallon. We realized $2.6 million less in compensation costs for the quarter related to the staffing reduction implemented earlier in the year, including the impact of idling our Magic Valley plant and a gain on our annual pension valuation adjustment. The sale of Oregon carbon credits contributed an additional $2.9 million on improved market pricing.

We continued to benefit from our Carbonic acquisition, which we completed at the beginning of 2025, as it contributed $1.4 million to our Western production segment during the quarter. With the idling of Magic Valley, this segment had a positive gross profit for the quarter and the full year. With high-value liquid CO2 now in our product mix, our Western essential ingredients return improved to 48% in the fourth quarter from 30% a year ago and contributed to an increase in our consolidated return to 52% from 43%. Partially offsetting these positives was a net negative $4.2 million in combined realized and unrealized changes in derivatives. SG&A expenses decreased by $500,000 to $6.9 million. Once again, this is attributable to right-sizing staffing levels in the first half of the year.

As you may recall, in Q4 of 2024, we recorded the final acquisition-related expenses for Eagle Alcohol of $5.7 million and $24.8 million of impairment charges related to Magic Valley and Eagle Alcohol, both of which were excluded from adjusted EBITDA. In the fourth quarter of 2025, we recorded $800,000 of asset impairment charges related to the cleanup of CapEx projects. As discussed on prior calls, in April of 2025, we sustained damage to our Pekin campus river loading dock. After filing an insurance claim with our carrier, in Q4, we received our maximum insurance coverage payment of $10 million. Of these proceeds, $1.5 million was recorded as a reduction to cost of goods sold as a reimbursement for previously recorded expenses.

$1.8 million was recorded in other income for lost profits related to the business interruption. The remaining $6.7 million of income was recorded as excess insurance proceeds in accordance with GAAP, which will be used to fund repairs and improvements in 2026. Since the excess proceeds were not related to operations, we excluded this gain from our calculation of adjusted EBITDA. As Bryon mentioned, we made significant progress in qualifying for 45Z credits and are entering into contracts to sell these credits to third parties. The expected proceeds from selling the 2025 credits are $7.5 million net of selling costs, which directly strengthen our bottom line in the fourth quarter.

The combination of improved gross profit, lower SG&A expenses, recognition of 45Z tax credits-And the excess insurance proceeds resulted in net income attributable to common stockholders of $21.5 million, or $0.28 per diluted share for Q4 2025, an increase of $63.5 million compared to Q4 2024. For the year, net income attributable to common stockholders was $12.1 million or $0.16 per diluted share, compared to a loss of $60.3 million or $0.82 per share. Adjusted EBITDA increased $35.6 million to $27.9 million for Q4 2025 compared to a negative adjusted EBITDA of $7.7 million for Q4 2024, reflecting the above-mentioned improvements in gross profit and SG&A, but excluding the $6.7 million in excess insurance proceeds.

For the year, adjusted EBITDA was $44.7 million, an improvement of $53.2 million compared to negative adjusted EBITDA of $8.5 million for 2024. Turning to our balance sheet. As of December 31, 2025, our cash balance was $23 million. During the fourth quarter, we generated $10 million in cash flow from operations. We generated $5 million in cash flow from investing activities, including $7 million from excess insurance proceeds, partially offset by $2 million in CapEx. We used $22 million in our financing activities as we paid down $16 million on our operating line of credit and $5 million on our term debt. As a result, we ended the year with $55 million outstanding on our term loan.

At year-end, we had a total loan borrowing availability of $102 million, consisting of $37 million under our operating line of credit and $65 million under our term loan facility. Our improved profitability in the last half of 2025 allowed us to further pay down $10 million of principal on our term debt in February of 2026, and we expect to pay down an additional $6 million in March. This will reduce the principal amount of our term debt to $39 million by the end of the first quarter. We are pleased to significantly reduce our debt and continue to strengthen our balance sheet. In 2026, we plan to elevate our capital expenditures to roughly $25 million while maintaining strong cost discipline and prioritizing the highest ROI projects.

Approximately 45% of our capital expenditure budget is earmarked for maintenance projects, while the remaining 55% is for optimization projects, including taking further steps to implement capacity increases at our Pekin dry mill. Included in the $25 million budget are the cost to complete the repairs of the existing dock and adding the second alcohol load-out dock. As a reminder, we are building the second dock to mitigate future business interruption and enhance our logistical capabilities by expanding throughput and creating redundancy. We expect to begin the repairs on the original dock and the installation of the second dock this spring and to complete both projects by the end of 2026. I’ll now turn the call back to Bryon.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you, Rob. In summary, we entered 2026 with a leaner cost structure, a higher mix of premium exports and carbon advantage volumes, expanded CO2 opportunities, and potential upside from 45Z tax credits. We’ve completed the heavy lifting of addressing losses at underperforming assets, removing structural costs, and repositioning our portfolio towards higher value and more consistent revenue streams, and are moving forward with plans to improve the company’s return on assets. By continuing to improve operations, we believe we will strengthen Alto’s ability to capitalize on favorable margin environments, to stabilize when margins are compressed, and to ensure that our assets are producing positive returns. In 2026, we intend to stay focused on what is within our control, on driving improved profitability and executing on multiple opportunities to grow earnings.

As a reminder, the first quarter is a seasonally challenging period for us. In January of this year, extreme cold weather disrupted river logistics and curtailed production at our Pekin campus. We took advantage of the downtime to make some of the repairs we had planned to be completed in the second quarter during our biennial wet mill outage. This has allowed us to defer the remaining work until the spring of 2027 and to make up for January’s lost production next quarter. With respect to additional outages planned for 2026, we expect normal Q2 outages at ICP and Columbia, consistent with those in 2025. In the second half of the year, the Pekin dry mill will take a longer outage to implement a project to increase production capacity by approximately 8%, further improving the plant’s profitability.

As Rob mentioned, we have important capital projects planned for 2026 and intend to maintain strong cost discipline and will continue to prioritize the highest ROI projects. CO2 utilization remains a compelling opportunity for us as demand for liquid CO2 continues to rise. In 2026, we intend to capitalize further on demand growth in the Pacific Northwest and on our liquid CO2 processing capabilities by increasing our throughput volume and storage capacity. We’re also assessing large-scale CO2 utilization and sequestration opportunities at our Pekin campus and developing plans to capture more value for our CO2 as quickly as possible. We have contracted to sell a significant volume of renewable fuel exports for the first half of 2026 and believe there are increasing opportunities for us to expand volumes and premiums in this market. We are on track to match our 2025 high-quality alcohol volumes.

On the regulatory front, we continue to view E15 as a meaningful long-term demand tailwind for the farming and ethanol industries. While permanent nationwide adoption remains pending, the EPA has consistently supported summer E15 sales through waivers, and political momentum has strengthened entering 2026 with renewed administration and bipartisan congressional support. Taken together, we believe the trajectory for E15 remains clearly positive and supportive of incremental ethanol demand over time. I’m proud of the progress our team has made and excited about the path forward. Our focus remains on operational excellence and disciplined capital allocation. We enter 2026 from a position of greater strength with an improved ability to navigate market volatility and a clearer strategy to drive higher margin diversification and enhance asset value. Operator, we’re now ready to begin Q&A with sell-side analysts.

Operator: Thank you. We’ll now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star then one on your touch-tone phone. If you’re using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the key. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. We’ll pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question will come from Amit Dayal with H.C. Wainwright. Please go ahead.

Amit Dayal, Analyst, H.C. Wainwright: Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Bryon, congratulations.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Hi, Amit.

Amit Dayal, Analyst, H.C. Wainwright: on a very strong quarter. looks like, you know, a lot of drivers in place for a strong 2026 as well. just wanna focus on the, you know, the 45Z tax credits. You’re guiding for around $15 million in those benefits in the year at $0.20 per gallon. What steps are you taking that could maybe get you even more, you know, in those benefits? Will that potentially come through in 2026 or, you know, are you working on it for maybe 2027 and beyond?

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Sure. I’ll take the front part of this, and then Rob, if you wanna round out anything that I otherwise missed. You know, it’s a lot of the drivers and opportunities around 45Z for us at these plants is around lowering our carbon intensity scores in some form or another, either reducing our energy demands, or you know, sourcing changes in sourcing of products and/or services. Anything that we can do in that regard or the way that we and the types of products that we said we purchase, whether it’s corn, right, and traceability and the like. It’s, it’s clear that, and compelling that anything that you can do to lower your score further as quickly as possible, the better. It’s, it’s really a priority for us.

I don’t know that it’s appropriate to share more than that with regards to some of the projects. We’re actively pursuing it on many fronts and making sure that we can do what we can to lower those scores further. Rob, anything else you wanna add?

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah, sure. Thanks, Brian. You know, as we mentioned, one opportunity to capitalize further on the 45Z tax credits is also to increase our production capacity. You know, we do have a project scheduled for end of Q3, early Q4 to expand the production capability of our Pekin dry mill. It’s already one of our lowest cost producing assets, but, adding, you know, additional 45Z credits on that additional production really justifies that project. Our intent is to improve the capacity by about 8% or 5 million gallons.

Amit Dayal, Analyst, H.C. Wainwright: Understood. Thank you for that, guys. You know, you just mentioned it, Bryon, you know, the traceability of the feedstock. Are we already in compliance with that? You know, there’s a treasury proposal around, you know, 45Z eligibility. Just wanted to see how we stand on that front.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: You know, we’re active in that front. I wouldn’t say that all of our, you know, bushels are traced. I think that there is some work that needs to be done around incentivizing the, our farmers to provide that information. I think it’s not just something that we can do on a standalone basis, but it’s gonna require re-regulatory support as well and an adoption, you know, across the entire industry. That said, we’re doing what we can, and we’re making some headway there.

Amit Dayal, Analyst, H.C. Wainwright: Okay. Thank you. Just last one for me. On the Western asset, should we expect, you know, revenue pickup in 2026? I know operationally that, you know, it’s performing much better now. Can we think of any revenue improvements coming through in 2026 for that segment?

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Certainly intend to try and increase production capacity there or increase, our overall utilization.

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah. Yeah.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you.

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: To, you know, work on improving our production utilization rate. Then as I think Bryon mentioned in the call, we’re exploring opportunities to expand our CO2 throughput as well.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Okay.

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: That’s all I have, guys right now. I’ll step back into thank you.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you, Matt.

Operator: The next question will come from Eric Stine with Craig-Hallum. Please go ahead.

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Hi, Bryon. Hi, Rob.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Hello, Tate.

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Hello. You mentioned ethanol exports, that you had locked in a portion of that. It sounded like a meaningful portion of that for the first half. I’m wondering if you can kinda quantify that a little bit. Also curious, you know, as you think about going forward, increasing volumes and increasing margins there. I know you have to have certain certifications to even access other markets. Just curious, you know, what kind of steps that would entail to both increase volumes and potentially the margins you get.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah, sure. While we don’t specifically provide that level of detail, what’s I think important to understand for us is that it’s to try and find the optimal balance to optimize, you know, the value of the product that we’re making. Particularly for ICP or the, you know, the distillery and the wet mill, to the extent that we can produce high, higher quality products or export fuel products would be the highest marginal value for those products. They sell at a premium predominantly sell at a premium to what would be domestic fuel, even including, you know, 45Z credits.

But where we can as well at other plants which are largely designed to be selling into the domestic fuel markets, that we’re doing all that we can to continue to optimize those values and to obtain as much 45Z credit as we can. It’s really, again, finding a balance. What we’ve been able to do is to, you know, sell more of that product for increasing demand in Europe for those products. While we’ve seen somewhat of a margin compression around some of the high-quality products that we sell, we’ve been able to see an increase in demand for that in the, in the export market. Does that answer your question?

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Yeah.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Rob, would there be anything else you want to add to that?

Rob Olander, Chief Financial Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah, no, that’s good.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Good.

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Yeah. I mean, clearly back half of the year, I mean, the purchases or the exports to some of those European markets were quite significant. Okay. You know, I mean, I think the main question that I have is, and this might be, Bryon, a really hard question to answer, but, I mean, you’ve clearly raised the floor here to the business. I mean, I know in the past you had the platform when the crush was strong that you would do quite well, but conversely when it was really tough, I mean, it would definitely show in results. I mean, is there a way to think about, you know, what the business looks like? Maybe not in a worst-case scenario, but, you know, in some of the bad markets that we’ve seen in the past.

I mean, correct me if I’m wrong, but it seems like you have, you know, you’ve raised the floor, pretty meaningfully versus where it’s been in the past.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah. I think there’s a number of factors that go into that. I think part of it is as you think back at the, you know, maturation and kind of the evolution of the company, where we were originally focused around destination facilities. The brilliance in the destination was that they’re able to perform really well when you see supply constraints, right? They also demonstrate their vulnerability when you get an oversupplied ethanol market, which has been largely the case for most of the, you know, call it 18, 20 years, where we’ve, you know, been producing over, you know, 15, 14 billion gallons of capacity in the industry.

What we’ve been able to do is, to some degree, both through monetization and, you know, exiting certain locations, but as well then being able to shore up the financial viability of those assets with other revenue sources and be able to lower operating costs around that, you’re able to take out some of the vulnerabilities around the floor in tight crush margins. Then again, the other focus in what would be the origin facilities at Pekin is around optimizing the value of those revenue streams or the value of those products that generate that revenue stream. Then being diligent and efficient about how we execute. It’s about cost management and then making sure that we’re investing in projects that not only either increase revenue but also reduce operating expenses and/or improve efficiencies as well.

If we can do all three, that’s a home run. I think we’ve been able to see a lot of those benefits over the last couple years.

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Got it. I mean, it sounds like you’d characterize it more as I mean, this has been many, many, many years in the making. If you’ve, you know, you’ve gotten rid of a lot or you’ve sold the 2 California plants. But then what you’ve done in the next or I’m sorry, in the last, call it 2+ years, you’ve just kind of taken it to that next level. Is that fair?

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Yeah, I think that’s right.

Eric Stine, Analyst, Craig-Hallum: Okay. Thank you.

Operator: That will conclude our question and answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Bryon McGregor for any closing remarks. Please go ahead.

Bryon McGregor, President and Chief Executive Officer, Alto Ingredients: Thank you, Chuck. Thanks again, everyone, for joining us to hear about our progress that we’ve been able to make and our initiatives for 2026. As always, we appreciate your feedback and support. Have a great day.

Operator: The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today’s presentation. You may now disconnect.